Nazi Germany Totalitarian - 2991 Words

To what extent could Nazi Germany be considered a totalitarian state in the period 1933-1942? From Hitlers election to power in January 1933, Nazi Germany although exhibiting totalitarian elements lacked some required factors to characterize it fully as a totalitarian state. George Orwell suggested that totalitarianism is (1984, introduction) the ability for a political system or society where the individual does not exist, a single party controls every aspect of life. Paramount to the classification of a state as totalitarian is the oppression of its people and the lack of their patriotism caused by the resentment and anger they harbor towards their dictator. Rather it was through populism gained through continued success that Hitler†¦show more content†¦This reflected the need of the Nazi leadership to work within the powerful forces of big business, for Schacht was already a respected international financier. Throughout the Nazi regime, the economy was supervised by policies of Autarky and Wehrwitschaf (Defence Economy), whereby Germany peacetime economy was geare d towards the demands of war. The government influenced by John Maynard Keynes theory, spent money on public works, intending to create jobs which would then act as an artificial stimulus to demand within the economy. Through this, the government was able to increase armaments expenditure and in 1933 under Robert Ley, the Deutsche Arbeits Front (DAF) replaced all trade unions. This labour front aimed to create a (Kershaw, 176) true social and productive community for all Germans. By Mid 1935, unemployment decreased to 1.7 million and in 1953 35% of GNP was public spending. Schachts New Plan, portraying his( William Carr 328) contribution to be as much as Hitlers in the construction of the third Reich, provided for a comprehensive control by the government of all aspects of trade and currency exchange. Schacht recognised the financial mayhem of Germany and constantly warned the government about dangers of their rapid rearmament. He identified the governments inevitable disastrous aim s (Gunter) if anyone says, the important thing is produce, to produce profitably, I say to you...that this is most utter economic nonsense imaginable.Show MoreRelatedNazi Germany: A Totalitarian State?1532 Words   |  7 PagesNazi Germany: A Totalitarian State? The purpose of this essay is to explain whether Nazi Germany was a totalitarian state or not. Totalitarian state means when all aspects of life within a country are under the total control of a person or group, this is often referred to as a dictator. The aspects of life in Nazi Germany that I am going to examine are young people, women, the church, employment, leisure time, propaganda and censorship. After I have discussed these aspectsRead MoreThe Totalitarian Aspects of Nazi Germany Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Totalitarian Aspects of Nazi Germany The government of Nazi Germany was a fascist, totalitarian state. They ruled in Germany ever since Hitler became chancellor in 1933, to 1945. Totalitarianism was a form of government in which the state involves itself in all facts of society, including the daily life of its citizens. It penetrates and controls all aspects of public and private life, through the states use of propaganda, terror and technology. Totalitarian societiesRead MoreNazi Germany as a Totalitarian State Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesNazi Germany as a Totalitarian State Goebbels once said the aim of the Nationalist Socialist Revolution must be a totalitarian state, which will permeate all aspects of public life In reality to put this into practise was a lot more difficult. From the outside, people assume that the Nazis had brainwashed every German citizen during their reign. By booking more closely, through Germanys archives we can see a better picture of what Germany was really like. TotalitarianRead MoreThe Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in the 1930s as Totalitarian States1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in the 1930s as Totalitarian States A totalitarian state usually refers to a country in which the central government has total control over almost all aspects of peoples life. Main features include an infallible leader, one-party rule, elitism, strict party discipline, purges against enemies and political dissidents, planned economy, strong armaments, indoctrination, encouragement of nationalism, an official doctrine that everybody has Read MoreTo What Extent Did Nazi Germany Establish a Totalitarian State in the Years 1933 and 1939?2003 Words   |  9 PagesModern History Research Essay To what extent did the Nazis succeed in establishing a totalitarian state in Germany in the years between 1933 and 1939? The Nazis succeeded to a great degree in establishing a totalitarian state in Germany in the years between 1933 and 1939. A Totalitarian state is defined as a government that subordinates the individual to the state and strictly controls all aspects of life by coercive measures. A Totalitarian state aims to establish complete: - political -social/economicRead MoreThe Totalitarian Systems That Changed Lives Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pageswriting about the totalitarian systems and how they changed people’s lives. I am going to look into detail about the totalitarian systems, their facts, their main structures, how they came to power, why they came to power and what changed after they were abolished in two specific countries. A totalitarian system or totalitarianism, as its name states ‘total’, is a form of government where the state keeps public, cultural and other aspects of life under strict control. The totalitarian systems that IRead MoreThe Meaning of the Term Totalitarianism Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesemphasized in a totalitarian state. Only one party ruled in a totalitarian state, for example, the Fascist Part in Italy, the Nazi Party in Germany and the Communist Party in the Soviet Union. All other political parties were made illegal, banned and suppressed by terrorist acts. The party and the part leader had absolute control over the state. All citizens owed absolute obedience to the ruler, for example, Il Duce in Italy and Fuhrer in Germany. OppositionRead MoreThe Common Factors that Led to the Establishment of Totalitarian Regimes in Italy and Germany in the Inter-War Period977 Words   |  4 PagesEstablishment of Totalitarian Regimes in Italy and Germany in the Inter-War Period Totalitarian regimes refer to the type of government in which the State has total control over all aspects of peoples life. Main features include an infallible leader, planned economy, strict party discipline, strong armament, an official doctrine that everyone has to believe, and absolute obedience of individuals to the State, etc. During the period 1919-39 there saw the rise of totalitarian regimes Read MoreNazi Germany Positive And Negative Effects On The World War I1731 Words   |  7 PagesLife in Nazi Germany had many positive and negative effects on the people that were living there between 1933-1939. The treaty of Versailles was when Germany was in great despair. The Germans had to pay back repatriations for losing the war, they lost territory, accepted the blame for causing World War I and there was also the near elimination of the Germany army. This all lead Germany into suffering badly through the Great Depression. The Nazi party and their leader Adolf Hitler brought the TotalitarianRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Nazi Germany1133 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book 1984, George Orwell describes a world similar to that of the Nazi Germany. An assortment of parallels can be drawn between the totalitarian governments of Adolf Hitler and Orwell’s fictional â€Å"Big Brother.† Complete powe r, propaganda, and dehumanization are three main topics related to both Orwell’s novel and Nazi Germany. Complete power is achieved by the dictatorship and totalitarianism. Brainwashing in both cases uses tactics of propaganda and invasion of privacy. Dehumanization is

Mla Format Free Essays

string(32) " entry in the Works Cited List\." General Guidelines * Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8. 5 x 11-inch paper. * Double-space the text of your paper, and use a legible font (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Mla Format or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. Times New Roman). Whatever font you choose, MLA recommends that the regular and italics type styles contrast enough that they are recognizable one from another. The font size should be 12 pt. * Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks (unless otherwise instructed by your instructor). * Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides. Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch from the left margin. MLA recommends that you use the Tab key as opposed to pushing the Space Bar five times. * Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor may ask that you omit the number on your first page. Always follow your instructor’s guidelines. ) * Use italics throughout your essay for the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, providing emphasis. If you have any endnotes, include them on a separate page before your Works Cited page. Entitle the section Notes (centered, unformatted). Formatting the First Page of Your Paper * Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested. * In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor’s name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text. * Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters. Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in â€Å"After Apple Picking† * Double space between the title and the first line of the text. * Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals ( 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. ), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. Note: Your instructor or other readers may ask that you omit last name/page number header on your first page. Always follow instructor guidelines. ) Here is a sample of the first page of a paper in MLA style: Image Caption: The First Page of an MLA Paper Basic In-Text Citation Rules In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as parenthetical citation. This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. General Guidelines * The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1. upon the source medium (e. g. Print, Web, DVD) and (2. ) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited (bibliography) page. * Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your read ers in the text, must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited List. You read "Mla Format" in category "Papers" In-Text Citations: Author-Page Style MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example: Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a â€Å"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings† (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the â€Å"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings† (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263). Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information: Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford U. P. , 1967. Print. In-text Citations for Print Sources with Known Author For Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation. Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as â€Å"symbol-using animals† (3). Human beings have been described as â€Å"symbol-using animals† (Burke 3). These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry in the Works Cited: Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, 1966. Print. In-text Citations for Print Sources with No Known Author When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it’s a short work (e. g. articles) or italicize it if it’s a longer work (e. g. lays, books, television shows, entire websites) and provide a page number. We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has â€Å"more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . . † (â€Å"Impact of Global Warming† 6). In this example, since the reader does not know the author of the article, an abb reviated title of the article appears in the parenthetical citation which corresponds to the full name of the article which appears first at the left-hand margin of its respective entry in the Works Cited. Thus, the writer includes the title in quotation marks as the signal phrase in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader directly to the source on the Works Cited page. The Works Cited entry appears as follows: â€Å"The Impact of Global Warming in North America. † GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009. We’ll learn how to make a Works Cited page in a bit, but right now it’s important to know that parenthetical citations and Works Cited pages allow readers to know which sources you consulted in riting your essay, so that they can either verify your interpretation of the sources or use them in their own scholarly work. Author-Page Citation for Classic and Literary Works with Multiple Editions Page numbers are always required, but additional citation information can help literary scholars, who may have a different edition of a classic work like Marx and Engels’s The Communist Manifesto. In such cases, give the page number of your e dition (making sure the edition is listed in your Works Cited page, of course) followed by a semicolon, and then the appropriate abbreviations for volume (vol. , book (bk. ), part (pt. ), chapter (ch. ), section (sec. ), or paragraph (par. ). For example: Marx and Engels described human history as marked by class struggles (79; ch. 1). Citing Authors with Same Last Names Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors’ first initials (or even the authors’ full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. For example: Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46). Citing a Work by Multiple Authors For a source with three or fewer authors, list the authors’ last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation: Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76). The authors state â€Å"Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights† (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76). For a source with more than three authors, use the work’s bibliographic information as a guide for your citation. Provide the first author’s last name followed by et al. or list all the last names. Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moore’s argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4). Or Legal experts counter Smith, Yang, and Moore’s argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (Jones et al. 4). Or Jones, Driscoll, Ackerson, and Bell counter Smith, Yang, and Moore’s argument y noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4). Citing Multiple Works by the Same Author If you cite more than one work by a particular author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children (â€Å"Too Soon† 38), though he has acknowledged elsewhere that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill development in a child’s second and third year (â€Å"Hand-Eye Development† 17). Additionally, if the author’s name is not mentioned in the sentence, you would format your citation with the author’s name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, followed, when appropriate, by page numbers: Visual studies, because it is such a new discipline, may be â€Å"too easy† (Elkins, â€Å"Visual Studies† 63). Citing Multivolume Works If you cite from different volumes of a multivolume work, always include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page number(s). (If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page number in parentheses. . . . as Quintilian wrote in Institutio Oratoria (1: 14-17). Citing Indirect Sources Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited in another source. For such indirect quotations, use â€Å"qtd. in† to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example: Ravitch argues that high schools are pre ssured to act as â€Å"social service centers, and they don’t do that well† (qtd. in Weisman 259). Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an indirect source. Citing Non-Print or Sources from the Internet With more and more scholarly work being posted on the Internet, you may have to cite research you have completed in virtual environments. While many sources on the Internet should not be used for scholarly work (reference the OWL’s Evaluating Sources of Information resource), some Web sources are perfectly acceptable for research. When creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or Internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source in your Works Cited. Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers, but often, these sorts of entries do not require any sort of parenthetical citation at all. For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines: * Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e. g. author name, article name, website name, film name). * You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function. Unless you must list the website name in the signal phrase in order to get the reader to the appropriate entry, do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like CNN. com or Forbes. com as opposed to writing out http://www. cnn. com or http://www. forbes. com * Multiple Citations * To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetica l reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon: * . . . as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21). When a Citation Is Not Needed Common sense and ethics should determine your need for documenting sources. You do not need to give sources for familiar proverbs, well-known quotations or common knowledge. Remember, this is a rhetorical choice, based on audience. If you’re writing for an expert audience of a scholarly journal, for example, they’ll have different expectations of what constitutes common knowledge. MLA Works Cited Page: Basic Format Summary: MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th ed. and the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (3rd ed. ), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page. Contributors:Tony Russell, Allen Brizee, Elizabeth Angeli, Russell Keck Last Edited: 2010-07-13 12:51:47 According to MLA style, you must have a Works Cited page at the end of your research paper. All entrie s in the Works Cited page must correspond to the works cited in your main text. Basic Rules * Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper. * Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. * Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries. * Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations five spaces so that you create a hanging indent. * List page numbers of sources efficiently, when needed. If you refer to a journal article that appeared on pages 225 through 250, list the page numbers on your Works Cited page as 225-50. Additional Basic Rules New to MLA 2009 * For every entry, you must determine the Medium of Publication. Most entries will likely be listed as Print or Web sources, but other possibilities may include Film, CD-ROM, or DVD. * Writers are no longer required to provide URLs for Web entries. However, if your instructor or publisher insists on them, include them in angle brackets after the entry and end with a period. For long URLs, break lines only at slashes. * If you’re citing an article or a publication that was originally issued in print form but that you retrieved from an online database, you should type the online database name in italics. You do not need to provide subscription information in addition to the database name. Capitalization and Punctuation * Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles (the, an), prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose. * New to MLA 2009: Use italics (instead of underlining) for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles) Listing Author Names Entries are listed alphabetically by the author’s last name (or, for entire edited collections, editor names). Author names are written last name first; middle names or middle initials follow the first name: Burke, Kenneth Levy, David M. Wallace, David Foster Do not list titles (Dr. , Sir, Saint, etc. ) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc. ) with names. A book listing an author named â€Å"John Bigbrain, PhD† appears simply as â€Å"Bigbrain, John†; do, however, include suffixes like â€Å"Jr. † or â€Å"II. † Putting it all together, a work by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would be cited as â€Å"King, Martin Luther, Jr. † with the suffix following the first or middle name and a comma. More than One Work by an Author If you have cited more than one work by a particular author, order the entries alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author’s name for every entry after the first: Burke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives. [à ¢â‚¬ ¦ ] —. A Rhetoric of Motives. [†¦ ] When an author or collection editor appears both as the sole author of a text and as the first author of a group, list solo-author entries first: Heller, Steven, ed. The Education of an E-Designer. ?Heller, Steven and Karen Pomeroy. Design Literacy: Understanding Graphic Design. Work with No Known Author Alphabetize works with no known author by their title; use a shortened version of the title in the parenthetical citations in your paper. In this case, Boring Postcards USA has no known author: Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulations. [†¦ ] Boring Postcards USA. [†¦ ] Burke, Kenneth. A Rhetoric of Motives. [†¦ ] An Article from an Online Database (or Other Electronic Subscription Service) Cite articles from online databases (e. g. LexisNexis, ProQuest, JSTOR, ScienceDirect) and other subscription services just as you would print sources. Since these articles usually come from periodicals, be sure to consult the appropriate sections of the Works Cited: Periodicals page, which you can access via its link at the bottom of this page. In addition to this information, provide the title of the database italicized, the medium of publication, and the date of access. Note: Previous editions of the MLA Style Manual required information about the subscribing institution (name and location). This information is no longer required by MLA. Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. â€Å"Nature’s Rotary Electromotors. † Science 29 Apr. 2005: 642-44. Science Online. Web. 5 Mar. 2009. Langhamer, Claire. â€Å"Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England. † Historical Journal 50. 1 (2007): 173-96. ProQuest. Web. 27 May 2009. Works Cited â€Å"Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action. † Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009. Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. â€Å"Clinton on Climate Change. † New York Times. New York Times, May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009. Dean, Cornelia. â€Å"Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet. † New York Times. New York Times, 22 May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009. Ebert, Roger. â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth. † Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. Rogerebert. com. Sun-Times News Group, 2 June 2006. Web. 24 May 2009. GlobalWarming. org. Cooler Heads Coalition, 2007. Web. 24 May 2009. Gowdy, John. â€Å"Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability. † International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14. 1 (2007): 27-36. Print. An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, 2006. DVD. Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality? : The Erring Ways of Climatology. New York: Springer, 2005. Print. Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. On Global Warming and Financial Imbalances. † New Perspectives Quarterly 23. 4 (2006): 63. Print Nordhaus, William D. â€Å"After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms to Control Global Warming. † American Economic Review 96. 2 (2006): 31-34. Print. —. â€Å"Global Warming Economics. † Science 9 Nov. 2001: 1283-84. Science Online. Web. 24 May 2009. Shulte, Bret. â€Å"Putting a Price on Pollution. † Usnews. com. US News World Rept. , 6 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009. Uzawa, Hirofumi. Economic Theory and Global Warming. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. Print. The above is taken from: The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, 2010. Web. April 7, 2011. How to cite Mla Format, Papers MLA Format Free Essays MLA Format Free Essays

Economic Growth Banking Sector Development -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Economic Growth Banking Sector Development? Answer: Introduction International expansion involves strategy for market entry that includes vital choices such as market focus, determining the target customers, allocation of resources, services and product offering and so on (Chen et al., 2015). When it comes to banks, expanding to foreign lands require knowledge about that countrys government as well as banking regulations (Considine et al., 2016). In addition to that, banks have to analyze the banking culture followed in the target nation. Amungo and Buck (2017), in a study concerning the expansion of Nigerian banks revealed the relevance of various theories relating to internationalization of organizations. The authors mentioned three specific theories that are the resource based view (RBV) theory, the eclectic theory and the transaction cost analysis (TCA) theory. According to the eclectic theory, banks have to explore the Ownership advantages that include managerial skills, specialized banking services, reputation and so on. Then, the banks have to focus on the Location advantages that are posed by the target nation including easy regulations, market size, and government interference and profit opportunities. Lastly, the theory mentions the Internalization advantage tha t concerns internalization of operations of the bank in foreign market. The RBV approach supports the view that banks have the advantage of managerial abilities, the brands reputation and organizational culture amongst others that help them expand in other countries. As per the TCA theory however, focuses more on factors like the entry and transact cost of the bank. The cultural proximity between two countries, property rights, legal concerns are included in the TCA factors (Cho, Lee Lee, 2015). The given report focuses on the Australian and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) and its strategy to expand in Brazil, France and Korea. The report provides an overview of the bank and then proceeds to the market analysis that would help it formulate the required strategy for expansion. ANZ Bank currently has headquarters in Melbourne, Australia and after its Asian expansion strategy; it aims to penetrate into the European and South American market. Overview of ANZ Bank Established in October 1951, ANZ operates in more than thirty countries providing services like retail, corporate and commercial banking, insurance, transaction banking and many more (Anz.com, 2018). It is the largest bank in New Zealand and fourth largest in Australia. The bank is also amongst the top fifty banks in the world. Involved in many award-winning initiatives, ANZ believes in adapting to changing environment in order to meet customer demands. The bank also drafts policies that are aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. With Shayne Elliott as the CEO, ANZ has an organizational structure that deviates from the hierarchical structure. The banks culture allows every employee to have a say in matters regarding any operation or decision. In a recent announcement, the bank decided to overhaul its structure and adopt an approach that distinguishes itself from others. According to the CEO, the bank aims to follow a term-based approach that would enable it to do things in a more agile way. In matters concerning ethical code of conducts, ANZ has developed two separate guidelines for directors and employees to be followed. In addition, it has prepared a Conduct and Ethics Policy Framework that comprises the ethical standards that need to be maintained in the company. These ethical policies and codes of conducts are maintained strictly in the bank that has helped it maintain a reputable and respectable position in the market. With a view to expand its operations in countries beyond the Asia-Pacific region, the bank has initiated a strategy to bring further amendments in its organizational policy. One of its policies is to acquire foreign banks and merge those with its own. However, the process would not be easy as the countries chosen for expansion have very strict rules and regulations regarding banking (Pradhan et al., 2014). It is but also true, that ANZ has an advantage of strong base in Australia, which it can utilize to establish foreign branches. The ANZ Bank holds a very good reputation within Australia and New Zealand despite being stained with controversies in the past. As already mentioned ANZ holds the top rank in New Zealand and is fourth biggest in Australia. It is thus evident that the bank does have a stronghold in its native place. However, in order to acquire businesses in Brazil, France and Korea, the bank has to clear off its name from the controversies and look ahead. The CEO mentioned this need in a recent statement made in the parliamentary committee of Australia where he stated that the bank is committed to rectify previous mistakes. He further added that steps have already been taken in this regard, those involved in forgery, and scandals have been removed. Market analysis of Brazil Banking system is Brazil has become quite efficient in recent times after years of economic sloth that slowed the countrys development pace. Many banks have installed sophisticated banking sites that not only offer banking services at a faster rate but also provide non-stop assistance to the customers. Numerous banks operate in the country with each city having at least one branch. Brazils five largest banks have around 10 to 15 thousand branches spread across the country and all international operations are centralized at the headquarters located majorly in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (Syriopoulos, Makram Boubaker, 2015). In addition, all the banks have corresponding branches in other nations. Brazils efforts to stabilize the financial condition during the late 20th century were commended by the global economic leaders and experts. This showed that the country had mechanisms that can cope with any situation leading to financial distress. Moreover, the flexible rules and regulations of the banking sector make it luring enough for international firms to eye it. ANZ, being in a phase of image rebuilding and progress, would have great scope in Brazil. The country has a lot to offer when it comes to strategic alliances and partnerships. In a study by Coleman and Feler (2015), it has been revealed that post the global crisis of 2011-2012, Brazil has emerged as a strong economic market. The government has also shown agility in allowing international firms establish business without burdening them with unnecessary rules and regulations. However, many obstructions have been laid by the government for international firms that have compelled many experts to believe that these regulations are too complex. Apart from the government, the Central Bank of Brazil too has a major role in drafting regulations. These regulations were imposed by the government in order to check tax evasion but these have consequently resulted in rigid regulatory policies. It is but also true that despite all these factors, many foreign banks have struck partnership deals with the local Brazilian banks and achieved success. Looking at ANZs future policy for expansion, it is evident that the bank is attempting to raise its technological base in order to make services smoother and friendly for customers. Chuang and Hu (2015) have found that the banks Super Regional Strategy aims towards forming positive affiliations beyond the boundaries of Australia and New Zealand. The bank is primarily targeting markets based in America, Europe and Asia, Brazil being one amongst these. Currently Brazil is going through the phase of economic renovation whereas ANZ aims to rebuild its image as a fair bank. Therefore, these two factors present a perfect scenario for the bank to open its branches there and become operational. Market analysis of France Although ANZ has an existing branch at Paris, it aims to achieve maximum benefits by expanding its operations there. France is one of the most dynamic countries in Europe with endless possibilities for business expansion. The country has a banking system that is characterized by increased regulations deriving mainly from the European scheme for encouraging a safe banking system (Alter Beyer, 2014). After Brexit, the French government has pepped up its efforts to lure more and more banks by easing regulations and cutting high rates of interest. Owing to this, other nations also found an opportunity to expand their business in France. Brexit has also provided an opportunity for ANZ to attract customers in not only France but also those leaving Britain to have access to better opportunities with the bank. Prior to Brexit, the banking and government regulations that existed in France were quite rigid and complex. The phase after the 2007 financial crisis especially saw many departments were formed that looked after the financial security of the country. These departments proved to be a hurdle for international firms who looked to expand their businesses. Nonetheless, ANZ managed to expand its operations in France when it opened its first branch in the country that served customers mostly belonging to the Asia-Pacific region (Lodhia, 2015). The branch provided wholesale retail services to the customers. Apart from that sole branch, ANZ has no other branches in the whole of France and that is the reason why it has aimed to expand its operations here. ANZ provides financial services as well other than providing banking services across the thirty-four nations. France being at the center now after Brexit, presents a golden opportunity for ANZ to target the market (Schoenmaker Peek, 2014). However, certain things have to be kept in mind while planning to approach the French market, one of which is the presence of the European Union. The regulations that govern banking operations in France have a major control of the laws drafted by the EU. Therefore, ANZ must understand this aspect and then take subsequent steps. Another obstacle that ANZ might face while expanding to France is the language barrier. Although employees are trained to work in any country with varying linguistic backgrounds, it is not easy to get along from the beginning (De Jonghe ztekin, 2015). Although the French government has announced establishment of institutions to provide language training, it remains to be seen how long it would take the country to adapt as per international demand. Nonetheless, with technology as the leading objective, ANZ has the opportunity and the prospect to prosper in its international expansion aimed at France (Theguardian.com, 2018). Market analysis of Korea South Koreas banking sector has been an area of concern for the past few decades despite the fact that the countrys financial standard has shown improvement (Bruno Shin, 2014). Both the government and the investors have are facing problems regarding the sectors stability. However, the good news for ANZ is that the regulations imposed by the Financial Services Commission (FSC) have been eased. Owing to the improvement in the standard of regulation quality, customers and clients have been endowed with opportunities to find a prospect in the country. In a report by the Scotia Bank on South Koreas economy, the efforts put by the South Korean government to stabilize the countrys banking sector have been found (Gbm.scotiabank.com, 2018). Among its peers, South Korea is probably the most stable and open economy amidst all the geopolitical and political turmoil. It has also been found that the government is putting in increased efforts to make the banking sector more flexible and welcoming towards international firms. In an attempt to attract investors, the government is providing monetary support to policy banks that are negatively affected by the issues facing the shipbuilding and shipping industries. Apart from that, South Koreas credit ratings and sovereign debts have also shown resilience. According to Standard Poors (SP), the strong public finances and encouraging policy environment have resulted in the countrys economic stability and rating (Xinhuanet.com, 2018). In spite of that, expanding to South Korea must have to be strategized sensibly looking at the situation faced by the existing foreign banks in the country. In a report published in the Financial Times, the HSBC Banking group aired its concern regarding banking in the Asian country (Ft.com, 2018). The disappointment has been expressed majorly in the retail banking area where foreign banks have performed the lowest. The cause for this poor performance has been attributed to the excessive government interference. A look at the countrys economic performance in the last financial year of 2017, signs of improvement are there but the banking environment is still displaying signs of instability (Eiu.com, 2018). However, with the increasing influence of the global economy and technology and South Koreas attitude towards it, global banks do have a strong chance to prosper in their endeavor in the country. ANZ group with its mission to provide unconditional services to customers irrespective o f country, cast or community has strong chances of doing well in Korea (Yoo, Kang Kim, 2015). Strategy formulation for ANZ ANZ provides numerous services to its customers both within and beyond Australia and New Zealand. Apart from the retail, corporate and commercial banking services, the ANZ group also provides financial services like investment, superannuation, providing financial solutions and insurance to millions of customers. Another feature of ANZ is that it provides state-of-the-art technology solutions to its customers. The firm believes in complete utilization of technology and thus it has laid stress on technology. After evaluating the markets of Brazil, France and Korea, it is evident that ANZ has great scope in expanding its business in these countries. In order to formulate strategy for the expansion, ANZ has to decide as to which area of business it wants to focus on while expanding. A look at ANZs purpose and strategy for its existing businesses, presents great opportunities for growing further. One of its business purposes is to internationalize its domestic services by reaching out to customers in different countries. Therefore, certain strategies have to be articulated to ensure error free and concrete plan for international expansion. First, ANZ has to analyze if its business is flourishing in its native region and if not, it has to make sure that the existing market is bringing in profit. This strategy involves minimum risk and maximum results, as the company would target its existing customers with new pricing, products and services. The existing customers would make it known to the company if the strategy has worked or not. This is one advantage of applying this strategy. Second, the company can look to develop fresh market segmentation. This strategy would require thorough market research to determine the new target group. Third and the most important are the merger and acquisition of existing companies or groups. ANZ is planning to enter into strategic partnerships and acquisitions in the said countries to grow its business (Ferreira et al., 2014). Hence, applying this strategy in the domestic market as an initial step would greatly help ANZ prepare for the international expansion. One aspect that often elude s the strategic planning is the understanding of cultural differences while establishing business in other countries. ANZ is based in Australia and it plans to expand its business in Brazil, France and Korea that are culturally distinct from Australia. Hence, training employees to adapt in those culturally distinct countries must be included in the expansion strategy (Turner Nugent, 2015). Recommendations Jiang, Holburn and Beamish (2014) suggest a firm that plans to expand to foreign markets must consider evaluating the performance of other firms in the target markets. This would help the firms understand the environment of the target markets and the risks associated as well. ANZ may follow these recommendations while formulating the plan. These include: Proper market segmentation is essential, as it would help ANZ demarcate its customers according to various businesses Market research must be done adequately and with emphasis recent trends evident in the target countries Goals and objectives must be prepared beforehand keeping in mind the budget and other necessities (Forbes.com 2018). A top-down budget should be developed along with a strategic project plan with consigned dates Reviewing regulations imposed by government and industry of the target country must be done after proper product gap analysis. This would ensure obtaining of certifications and compliance if needed It must also be made sure that the products and services decided to be marketed has been named and designated as per the said countrys local language and tradition Focus should be more on the companys strength rather on areas where it has not delved into yet or areas where it lacks consistency. Further, local distribution networks and logistics must be developed to sell the product and services through authentic and credible channels Apart from that, ANZ must be equipped with organizational, legal, finance and tax strategies that enables it to implement everything with given time and with perfection Conclusion The future success of a firm depends on the present strategies it implements. When it international expansion for developing the business, strategies become increasingly important. ANZ is a reputable banking company based in Australia and New Zealand that plans to expand the Asian, North American and European nations. It provides financial services to customers in thirty-four countries including Australia and New Zealand. ANZ has been in the news for several reasons mostly for its scandals and forgery. Shayne Elliott, the new CEO has pledged to rebuild the companys image by removing the stained employees and getting closer to the customers. With its vision to become a technologically advanced financing group, ANZ has employed many strategies pertaining to the development of technology. It is thus important for the company to test its capability whether it is ready to explore international areas of business. The report presented a systematic analysis of the expansion strategy that nee ds to be formulated by the company. In the report, it has also been highlighted that the bank has to rebuild its image in the public before planning to expand further as its image had been tarnished by past controversies. In addition, the report has provided a clear understanding of the current and previous market conditions prevailing in Brazil, France and Korea. Both the negative and positive aspects of economy in each country have been elaborated in the report. After analyzing the attractiveness of each market, it can be stated that ANZ has strong chances of being successful in these countries. However, certain things have to be kept in mind before taking a step forward. The report has provided recommendations for ANZ that it should follow to expand and grow its business. References: Alter, A., Beyer, A. (2014). The dynamics of spillover effects during the European sovereign debt turmoil.Journal of Banking Finance,42, 134-153. Amungo, E., Buck, T. (2017). 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