Three benefits of making change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three benefits of making change - Essay Example Change is not necessarily well-received in most situations of life. In fact, resistance to change is one of the most fundamental behaviors embedded in human nature. We dislike change because of our concerns and insecurities associated with the unpredictable circumstances. However, many successful people attribute their success to change (Chibukhchyan). Discomfort and lack of ease is commonly experienced in the initial stages of embracing a change because while doing so, an individual essentially comes out of his/her comfort zone, but as he/she starts to get used to the changing circumstances and comes to terms with it, he/she happens to realize and discover such talents and opportunities that might never have become evident otherwise. Some changes are evitable while others are not. Even if an individual tends to avoid changes, there is hardly anything he/she can do about the inevitable changes. One such change is the process of aging and the changes it causes in the physical as well as biological features of an individual. For example, the colorful hair becomes dull and grey as an individual ages. Many people, particularly men even experience hair loss as they age. However, if people embrace this change and try to take the necessary measures to adjust and adapt to it, they can bring a very positive change in their lives. For example, an individual can do hair enhancement to feel better and combat the risks of hair damage and hair fall with aging. â€Å"Unlike surgical and cosmetic interventions that are used to update other physical features (e.g., lasers, face lifts, tummy tucks, teeth implants), enhancements to our hair are much less radical, and yet they can make a huge difference in how we feel about our agi ng appearance† (Diller). It takes willpower, hard work, and self-discipline to change (Losee), but an emotional relationship with someone worthy and positively influential is the catalyst for change. Many people suffering from diseases need to bring

'Restoring Communities and Young Offenders A Critical Evaluation of Essay

'Restoring Communities and Young Offenders A Critical Evaluation of Restorative Justice' - Essay Example Unfortunately, over the last 10 years the number of crimes committed by young people has much increased and there is an urgent need to review and reform the existing restorative practices in order to prevent further crime growth. The concluding section outlines the key points of restorative justice reform. Restorative justice has started to evolve based on the need for healing relationship as opposed to the criminal justice under which the hurt is balanced to hurt (Braithwaite, 157). The aim of the restorative justice is to create the process when all of the parties have the opportunity to be heard with respect to their views of the crime and development of the program to restore victims, offenders and the communities. According to Andrew Ashworth, restorative justice is the process when victims and offenders collectively decide on how to deal with the consequences of the crime and its impact on the future (164). Restorative justice has the aim of fully attending the needs of the victims, not only material and financial, but as well as emotional and social and preventing the possibility of potential re-offending through the integration of young offenders into the community again. Through restorative justice offenders learn how to assume the responsibility for their actions and become the part of the working community. Therefore, victims and offenders are the two major parties of attention. The society tends to reject criminals and it is completely understood – nobody wants to risk and guess whether he/she can become the next victim. For this reason people do not want to associate with those who have problems with the law. Victims are not always willing to share their emotions because of fear to be misunderstood and rejected by the society. Both parties feel being idle in society and restorative justice helps both offenders and victims to become active community members

Climate Change Impacts in Central Truro

Climate Change Impacts in Central Truro Background Central Truro is known as an urban region which gives individuals certain merchandise and administrations that they need, administrations incorporate private, business, modern, institutional and recreational area. It is likewise viewed as the main city in the country which was initially perceived as a significant exchange focus, because of expansion in mining commercial ventures it was then viewed as a stannary town. This core of services is located in the middle of western Cornwall which has a stream valley that goes through it. Each of the three channels (west, east and north) opens to the Truro River in south. This valley or rather a bowl shaped region encounters high precipitation notice and spring tides which makes it more prone to flooding (Unknown Author, 2013). Figure1: general overview of Central Truro, (Open Street view, 2014) Introduction As per IPCC (1992), climate change is characterized as a long term interchange that is measurably diverse in either the mean states of climate or its variability for an expanded period which can be decades or more. Climate change may be a direct result of trademark inward approaches or outside forcing, or to continuing on anthropogenic changes in the bit of the atmosphere or in land use. Climate change has indirect effect to flooding; an increment in greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere has brought about changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation pattern (Titus and Barth, unknown year). Consequently bringing about rise in ocean surface temperatures which thus brings about overwhelming rainfalls in light of hydrological cycle changes an alternate result is rise in ocean level because of expanding water particles (Titus and Barth, unknown year). 1. Impacts of flooding 1.1. The Impacts of flooding on the Human environment. Regions that are generally known for financial exercises are prone to be more vulnerable against flooding. To gauge the effect of flooding in a range, population affected, exercises upset, degree of flooding and intensity are utilized. Whats more, flooding has an immediate and indirect effect to human environment (Barth, et al., unknown year). The human environment gets incredibly affected by overwhelming precipitation in the internal city. During heavy rainfall events, the two streams, River Allen and River Kenwyn, which goes through the city, may become more turbulent and as the water move in the channel, it may undercut their banks bringing about more erosion in the city (Barth, et al., unknown year). The greater part of this sediment gets kept in the stream mouth where the two streams meet the Truro River (Unknown Author, 2013). As an outcome, buildings based on the surge plane may fall and numerous individuals may lose their lives if not cleared. Life forms that rely on upon the Truro River for their survival may be compelled to move to different places as the Salinity of the water increment due to rise in ocean level (Titus and Barth, unknown year). The salty water may be pushed further upstream as it advances to the groundwater framework. This change will thusly influence people as the vast majority of them rely on upon groundwater as a source of clean water. The water will get to be undrinkable and a massive measure of money will be needed for desalination (FEMA, 1991). The centre of the city is viewed as a noteworthy vocation focus and is likewise a neighbourhood business sector serving a more prominent number of the city occupants (Barth, et al., unknown year). A flooding event may see the majority of the city centre’s monetary exercises grinding to a standstill, which might, thus, bring about the separation and brokenness of the people groups ordinary normal for a developed time of time even way after the floodwater has settled (Unknown Author, 2013). Flooding may inhibit advancement and monetary development in the Central Truro district as well as the whole Cornwall country (Unknown Author, 2013). Interests in framework and a wide range of improvement exercises in the central parts of Truro may injure their economy because of the high cost of mitigation and recovery (FEMA, 1991). Floodwater ordinarily harm framework and may additionally cause long term effects, for example, the disturbance of water supply benefits, power, education facilities and transport (Lieske, 2011). Figure 2: Flooding impacts in the city centre (The guardian, 2010). According to FEMA (1991), Central Truro inhabitants may encounter numerous psychological well-beings unsettling not long after a flooding occasion. Anxiety, post-traumatic stress issue and Depression are a portion of the mental disturbances that will affect the people. These may reduce the productivity of the working class and thus affect the economy (Titus, et al., 1987). 1.2. The Impacts of flooding on the physical environment. Administrations such as the Cornwall country committee, Carrick area board, the Royal Cornwall hospital facility and the nation court are all clustered in the city centre (Titus and Barth, unknown year). The city is significantly prejudiced during a flooding event and along the core of the city; loss of business will be felt the most as correspondence connections and base, for example, roads, power stations and bridges will be extremely damaged, refer to figure 3. Figure 3: road destruction due to flooding, image adapted from (ctv news Atlantic, 2012) Flash floods are responsible of an extensive variety of contamination and pollution in beachfront regions (Barth, et al., unknown year). Ranges like Truro which are completely encompassed by water-both the ocean and the streams are incredibly influenced by water contamination. As the focal parts of the city surge, including concoction shops can see most parts of the city polluted as harmful material (paint, fuel and pesticides, etc) are discharged into nature. Sewage channels are frequently broken during a flood (Barth, et al., unknown year).Raw sewage frequently gets distributed with the floodwater. Some may even get into individuals homes, which is extremely appalling and exceptionally hard to clean. The raw sewage may contaminate the urban communities drinking water framework excessively which leads to the widespread of waterborne sicknesses, for example, cholera (Unknown Author, 2013). As the polluted water advance to the closest waterway lastly to the sea, biological systems wil l be lost (Barth, et al., unknown year). Figure 4: Residents mop up after a flood (Mail Online, 2010) 2. Vulnerability and Resilience 2.1. The city centre’s vulnerability to floods The terrains of the focal city are significantly inclined bringing about an assortment of drainage issues. Within the central area, granite rock paving have been set up since the improvement of the town (FEMA, 1991).This clearing framework keeps water from saturating the ground during a flood. Rather, enormous amounts of water from the inner city area advance to the two streams, River Allen and River Kenwyn which runs through the city. An increment in surface spill over and waterway release makes the internal city (shopping centre) and the auto parking areas nearby the stream more vulnerable to a flooding occasion (Lieske, 2011). Figure 5: Shops forced to close and clean up after a flood hit Central Truro (West Briton, 2013) A rise in ocean level will see regions like the Heaven house (next to the Truro River), Truro collage and the Morlaix Avenue under floodwater. Amid a storm surge, the Morlaix Avenue Street may be devastated and numerous administrations that use that course to get into the city may be ceased (Unknown Author, 2013).Children are said to be more vulnerable against psychological well-being unsettling influences during an extreme weather event such as flooding. As said prior, disturbances, for example, Anxiety and Depression may alert as one loss a relative in an extremely unbearable manner (Titus, et al., 1987). The number of individuals in the downtown area is higher than the encompassing regions. These variables make the individuals more vulnerable against flooding and to be influenced by a wide range of infections (Barth, et al., unknown year). Contamination of drinking water and nourishment may see many individuals debilitated and even dead. Tainted water may advance to nourishment shops and make the sustenance uneatable. If consumed, the sustenance may cause gastrointestinal sickness from microbes and chemicals that are dangerous to human health (Unknown Author, 2013).Central Truro is well known for its history and amazing tourism sites and shopping centre. This makes it more vulnerable to flooding and the fishing industry is more vulnerable to a rise in sea level (Titus and Barth, unknown year). 3. Adaptions to future flood risk and inundation. 3.1. Potential adaptions of the human environment to future flood risk and inundation. Flood reaction measures need to be actualized. These measures incorporate how communities and committees react to a flood (Unknown Author, 2013). Flood warning frameworks, public awareness programmes and community response plans need to be put in place so that in an occasion of flooding, the inhabitants that live in the central parts of the city that is prone to be affected may have enough time to clear into raised regions (FEMA, 1991). The change of property may help lessen the vulnerability of the malls in Truro (Unknown Author, 2013).Since the majority of Truros foundation was assembled utilizing old material, supplanting/ covering the old material with flood resistant material, raising flood statures, utilizing more versatile building plans and restraining new improvement in surge hazard territories will expand the resilience of the base to flooding (Lieske, 2011). 3.2. Potential adaptions of the physical environment to future surge danger and inundation. Since the majority of Central Truros structures are near to the streams, they get to be more inclined to flooding. Ocean dividers, filling and the developments of levees is a portion of the degree that could be changed to abstain from flooding in the internal city (Lieske, 2011). The regulation of drainage frameworks may help Central Truro to end up less affected by floods (Unknown Author, 2013). Different measures that can be taken would be good planning that can help reduce the danger. Examples may be the development of flood resistant foundation and services (Unknown Author, 2013). Utilizing exceptionally safe channels for the sewage framework and the water supply frameworks may help decreases instances of water-borne infection during a flooding event (Lieske, 2011).

Media and Modern Society Essay -- Technology, TV, MP3 Players, Electro

The children of modern society differ on polar opposite scales as compared to children of previous generations. Anything that does not have an on and off switch is considered old fashioned and obsolete. Our society has trained children to surround themselves with electronic devices such as cellphones, MP3 players, gaming consoles and most importantly, television. Television plays a significant role in everyday life since it is more widely available than it was a couple of decades ago. The media is easily accessible through the television, allowing for positive and negative influences to take place. The main problems that parents of today's children face are that the children are becoming less childlike with video games and television taking up majority of their time; they are beginning to gain weight with the influence of junk food commercials and their social skills are beginning to fall by the wayside since they spend excessive amounts of time watching television or playing video g ames. Regulations on the content of food advertisements should be implemented by broadcasting authorities such as the FCC (Federal Communications Commission), and time restrictions together with critical monitoring of content should be implemented by parents in order to reduce the negative effects of television and video games on the children of modern society. With the constant reminder of the ubiquitous nature of media in modern society, children are becoming less and less childlike in their behavior and attitude. In Marie Winn's article titled â€Å"The End of Play†, she discusses the topic of how children today are losing traits of how we traditionally perceive children to behave and are becoming more like â€Å"tired business men†. (Winn, â€Å"End of Play† 81... ...and the inability for a child to function socially all have one common factor that ties them together. They are all negatively influenced by the presence of television and video games. In reality, the wide spectrum of the negative influences that burden television and video games can never be completely eliminated at once, but there are definitely solutions to combat the particular influences that pose as threats to the growing process of the nation's children, especially if they are easily preventable. Restricting and regulating the amount of time allowed to watch television or encouraging a healthy, active lifestyle as opposed to a sedentary lifestyle are such examples of solutions to preventable problems. The children are a very important fundamental to society because they are, after all, the ones who will run our future and generations after the next. Media and Modern Society Essay -- Technology, TV, MP3 Players, Electro The children of modern society differ on polar opposite scales as compared to children of previous generations. Anything that does not have an on and off switch is considered old fashioned and obsolete. Our society has trained children to surround themselves with electronic devices such as cellphones, MP3 players, gaming consoles and most importantly, television. Television plays a significant role in everyday life since it is more widely available than it was a couple of decades ago. The media is easily accessible through the television, allowing for positive and negative influences to take place. The main problems that parents of today's children face are that the children are becoming less childlike with video games and television taking up majority of their time; they are beginning to gain weight with the influence of junk food commercials and their social skills are beginning to fall by the wayside since they spend excessive amounts of time watching television or playing video g ames. Regulations on the content of food advertisements should be implemented by broadcasting authorities such as the FCC (Federal Communications Commission), and time restrictions together with critical monitoring of content should be implemented by parents in order to reduce the negative effects of television and video games on the children of modern society. With the constant reminder of the ubiquitous nature of media in modern society, children are becoming less and less childlike in their behavior and attitude. In Marie Winn's article titled â€Å"The End of Play†, she discusses the topic of how children today are losing traits of how we traditionally perceive children to behave and are becoming more like â€Å"tired business men†. (Winn, â€Å"End of Play† 81... ...and the inability for a child to function socially all have one common factor that ties them together. They are all negatively influenced by the presence of television and video games. In reality, the wide spectrum of the negative influences that burden television and video games can never be completely eliminated at once, but there are definitely solutions to combat the particular influences that pose as threats to the growing process of the nation's children, especially if they are easily preventable. Restricting and regulating the amount of time allowed to watch television or encouraging a healthy, active lifestyle as opposed to a sedentary lifestyle are such examples of solutions to preventable problems. The children are a very important fundamental to society because they are, after all, the ones who will run our future and generations after the next.

Abraham Maslow’s Motivation and Personality Theory Essay

Maslow felt as though conditioning theories did not adequately capture the complexity of human behaviour. Maslow therefore looked to determine what it is humans seek in life. After much theorizing, he concluded that we search for things that will fulfil our needs for survival, as well as our emotional happiness and self-satisfaction. He then went on to introduce his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper titled â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation†. Thus presenting the idea that human actions are directed towards goal achievement, believing that people have certain needs which must be met before they can go on to fulfil their potential. This could be through any given behaviour which could satisfy several functions at the same time; for instance, once you’ve acquired a hobby that you’re exceptionally good at, i.e. football, dance, etc. you begin to meet one’s needs for self-esteem and social interaction. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has often been represented in a hierarchical pyramid made up of five levels. The lowest levels of the pyramid represent the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid. The needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security. As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy become important. Further up the pyramid, the need for personal esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Maslow emphasised the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve ones individual potential. Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior. Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are deficiency needs, meaning that these needs arise due to deprivation. It is important to satisfy the lower-level needs in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences. He termed the highest-level of the pyramid as growth needs. These are self-fulfillment needs and do not stem from a lack of something, but rather the desire to grow as a person. There are five different levels in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: – Physiological Needs: These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food, and sleep. These needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met. – Security Needs: These include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Safety needs are what we need to feel protected against external influences, i.e. the desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, being secure and comfortable. – Social Needs: These include needs for belonging, love, and affection. These needs are considered to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as does the involvement in social, community, or religious groups. – Esteem Needs: After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment . – Self-Actualization Needs: This is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested in fulfilling their potential. Maslow’s theory is relatable in my work as a nanny. I am considered a primary caregiver for the children I care for along with their parents. It is my job to make sure all their basic needs such as food, water, sleep etc are met; these needs are called Physiological needs on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and are considered the most important. Once I, along with the parents meet these needs, we then continue on to the child’s need to feel safe and secure. The way in which we meet these needs is by providing consistent care to the child/children and for that care to  be given by the same few people i.e. parents, nanny, grandparents, and nursery. This allows the child/children to build a relationship with his/her primary caregivers whereby they trust them and feel safe with them. By being with the child for their first years, there is a bond that they develop through us meeting their needs and being a consistent figure in their life, they receive love and affection from those around them and this gives them a sense of belonging. As the child gets older I promote and encourage them to participate in activities that interest them such as dance or football, whereby they are building on their social skills by interacting with children of their age and who share similar interests. This is where we meet the social needs that Maslow states in his hierarchy. When I look at the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which he calls the ‘Esteem Needs’ I see this is based on how a child feels about themselves and also how they believe others see them. By meeting their social needs successfully the child/children will already have started to complete this level in their development because of the confidence and acceptance they have already achieved. This is where my encouragement and praise help the child/children in my care to recognise their achievements and this also helps to build their self-worth and self-esteem along with both mine and their parent’s recognition. All the previous levels lead up to us helping a child complete their final stage which Maslow calls ‘Self-Actualization’ however this level is where the child/young adult has to help themselves this could be achieved through a number of ways which could include continuing to further their education or going out into the world and finding a job but they will not be completely alone as they will have their parents and my support however by this stage I may no longer be with the family.

Nature vs. Nurture Essay

Homosexuality, Addictions and Intelligence There have always been disputes on whether the decision to be homosexual or heterosexual was based on biological or environmental factors. These disputes are known as the Nature vs. Nurture argument. The two sides argue over how gender is chosen within a person. Based on reproductive organs, sex is easily determined at birth: male or female. Gender, however; is the sexual identity an individual takes on. It is possible for sex and gender to be different. For an example of nurture children who were both born with an injured or damaged reproductive organ, males usually can be raised successfully as females. In order to understand which factor is the deciding factor of a person’s gender, both sides of the case must be fully evaluated. DNA studies which appear to prove that gender is a genetic trait. Researchers have analyzed the makeup of the human brain of homosexuals and heterosexuals seeking a connection between gender and the brains physiology. They found when studying the part of the brain directly related to a persons’ sexual drive, that homosexuals had an enlarged hypothalamus, whereas heterosexuals had a normal one indicating a direct correlation between the brain and gender selections (AllPsych). In researching DNA’s role in gender identity, some scientist have identified the gene that determines a person’s sexual preference. Although there are mounting evidence of the existence of a â€Å"gay gene, â€Å"the opposition denies the existence (AllPsych). People in support of the Nurture argument claim that is an individual conscious or subconscious decision as to his or her gender identify. While many claim that people may control their sexual orientation, their brain, and not the other way around are actually controlling them. A person DNA and brain physiology control sexual preference which may be associated in the amygdale of the limbic system (Pscyhsmart). When scientist castrated the rats, stopping the creation of androgen, the male rats became submissive. When the androgen was given to the female rats, they began to display masculine behaviors. This experiment resulted in the male rat being submissive and allowing the female rat to  mount the male, unlike the normal male rat that would mount the female when engaging in reproduction ( Lippa 102). Similar to humans, if male do not have proper balance of hormones with his body, he may show feminine traits. These hormones are a biological aspect of gender that affects the decision to be homosexual or heterosexual. On the other hand, for the purpose of this discussion, addiction can take many forms, including not only substance use disorders, but also pathologic gambling, bulimia, and a host of other disorders. Dependency, abuse, and addiction are used relatively interchangeably; however, there is ongoing debate within the field regarding the best terminology. Furthermore, differences in how these phenotypes are surrounded can have an impact on the results of gene discovery efforts. Genetic loci that have been consistently associated with various forms of substance addiction, as well as those that demonstrate relevance to pharmacologic treatment. While the nature vs. nurture debate has raged, is the contribution of interactions between genetics and environment. In reality, â€Å"gene expression is environment dependent† and it impossible to obtain pure estimates of genetic vs. environmental contribution – one could not exist without the other. The environment a child experiences is partly a consequence of the child’s genes as well as external factors. To some extent a person seeks out and creates his or her environment. If she is of a mechanical bent she practices mechanical skills; if a bookworm, she seeks out books. Thus genes may create an appetite rather than an aptitude. Remember that the high heritability of short-sightedness is accounted for not just by the heritability of a gene for short sightedness but by the heritability of literate habits. Conversely, on the discussion of intelligence, there are three facts about the transmission of intelligence that virtually everyone seems to accept: 1. Both heredity and environment contribute to intelligence. 2. Heredity and environment interact in various ways. 3. Extremely poor as well as highly enriched environments can interfere with the realization of a person’s intelligence, regardless of the person’s heredity (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 1997, p.xi). Intelligence that appears to relate to ability to reason abstractly, to learn and to adapt. In closing, homosexuality, addictions and intelligence have reliable  statistical relationships with important social phenomena, but they are a limited tool for deciding what to make of any given individual. As stated by Ridley, â€Å"Mother Nature has plainly not entrusted our genetic capacities to the blind fate of a gene or genes; she gave us parents, learning, language, culture and education to program ourselves with.† WORKS CITED: Johnson, Ryan D. AllPsych (2005). â€Å"Homosexuality: Nature or Nurture†. Ridley, M. (1999). Genome: The autobiography of a species in 23 chapters. London: Fourth Estate Ltd. Sternberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. (Eds.) (1997). Intelligence, heredity, and environment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Find out What Mysticetes Are

Find out What Mysticetes Are The term  mysticete  refers to large whales that feed using a filtering mechanism made up of baleen plates. These whales are called mysticetes or baleen whales, and they are in the taxonomic group Mysticeti. This is one out of two major groups of whales, the other of which are the odontocetes or toothed whales. Introduction to Mysticetes Mysticetes are carnivores, but rather than feeding with teeth, they use a straining system to eat great quantities of small fish, crustaceans or plankton in one gulp. This is made possible by their baleen plates - fringed plates made of keratin that hang down from the whales palate in the upper jaw and are supported by its gums.    About Baleen Baleen plates resemble vertical blinds on the outside, but on the inside, they have a fringed edge, which is made up of thin, hair-like tubules. The hair-like tubules extend down on the inside of the whales mouth and are supported on their outside by a smooth, fingernail-like cortex. What is the purpose of this baleen? There are hundreds of baleen plates, and the fringe inside each overlaps to create a strainer that allows the whale to filter its food from the ocean water. To gather its food, the whale will gulp or skim the water, and pass the water in between the baleen plates, trapping the prey inside. By feeding this way, a mysticete can gather large quantities of prey but avoid swallowing much salt water.   Characteristics of Mysticetes The baleen is the characteristic that most defines this group of whales. But there are other things that set them apart from other whales. Mysticetes are generally large animals, and this group contains the largest species in the world - the blue whale. All mysticetes have: Baleen plates, which they use for feedingTwo blowholesSymmetrical skullLower jawbones that are solid and do not join in the middle In addition, female mysticetes are larger than males. Mysticetes vs. Odontocetes Mysticetes can be distinguished in the whale world from odontocetes. These whales have teeth, one blowhole, a skull that is asymmetrical and a melon, which is used in echolocation.   Odontocetes also have more variability in size. Rather than all being large or small, they range in size from under three feet to over 50 feet.   Mysticete Species There are 14 currently recognized species of mysticetes, according to the Society for Marine Mammalogy. Blue WhaleFin WhaleSei WhaleBrydes WhaleHumpback WhaleOmuras WhaleCommon  Minke WhaleAntarctic Minke WhaleBowhead WhaleNorth Atlantic Right WhaleSouthern Right WhaleNorth Pacific Right WhalePygmy Right WhaleGray Whale Pronunciation: miss-tuh-seat References and Further Information Bannister, J.L. Baleen Whales.  In  Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press.  p. 62-73.Rice, D.W. 2002. Baleen.  In  Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press.  p.61-62.

Sports and Steroids Societys Acceptance or Rejection of Steroids in Sports

Sports and Steroids Societys Acceptance or Rejection of Steroids in Sports Introduction The essence of all athletic competitions can be boiled down to the concept of performance and how much better one particular athlete is over another. Professional athletes do not enter into a competition with a nonchalant attitude of competing for fun rather they are in it to win it and as such train endlessly in order to reach the peak of their physical prowess.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sports and Steroids: Society’s Acceptance or Rejection of Steroids in Sports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their reward for winning such competitions can range from money, fame to everlasting glory in their chosen sport. Unfortunately, there are no rewards for the losers with society relegating them to the background as they celebrate the accomplishments of the winners. It is due to this that athletes try to accomplish any means possible to win with some of them choosing shortcuts in their attem pt to achieve money, fame and glory. One of the shortcuts comes in the form of using anabolic steroids in order to boost muscle performance in order to give them a certain edge over the competition. It has been proven through both clinical tests and actual usage in sporting competitions that the use of steroids significantly increases muscle density, strength, reduces recovery time and drastically increases an athlete’s stamina (Hassan, Salem Sayed, 2009). While their effectiveness has been proven time and again their usage in sporting competitions has been categorized as a form of cheating. Normal athletes cannot rival the performance of other athletes on steroids and as such it comes to a point that they either have to take steroids themselves or not compete at all. This creates a situation where it is not the best athlete that wins in a competition but rather which athlete has used steroids the most in order to win (Mannie, 2004). Such activities can be considered a clear violation of the concept of fair play and is affront to spirit of competition. The general public has thus responded negatively to the use of steroids in sporting competitions since people do not patronize sports such as baseball, football or soccer in order to watch people cheat their way into victory rather they watch sporting events in order to see the clash of individuals striving to achieve victory through the power of effort, willpower and the spirit to succeed. What must be understood is that the concept of a person being an athlete has a special meaning in society in that they represent what a person can achieve should they work hard, strive for success and never give up. Athletes have in effect become role models for many within society and as such news of prolific cheating by numerous athletes within sporting events is generally considered a form of betrayal over the image of integrity, willpower and perseverance that society has attached to them. As such it comes as no s urprise that the various steroid scandals that have rocked numerous sports over the past several years have detrimentally affected their fan bases and made fans that much more suspicious and hesitant over patronizing a particular team or athlete on the basis that they may be using steroids to cheat their way to victory.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is based on this that the scope of this paper will entail an investigation into society’s reaction to the use of steroids and examines the negativity surrounding this particular form of controversial enhancement. Furthermore the goal of this paper will be an attempt to convince audiences that steroids should not be used for advancement in sports and that they are a bad influence on adolescents. Comparing and Contrasting an Athlete’s Decision to Take Steroids and the Perception of Fans. Decision for Taking Steroids When trying to understand why an athlete would take steroids it must first be acknowledged that not all people are born equal. Some people have genetic predispositions towards athleticism which does give them a certain advantage over other athletes. Another factor that should be taken into consideration is the fact that similar to any profession being an athlete requires a certain degree of performance above set standards in order to be acknowledged by the general public. It can be seen that athletes that rise above the norm often attain lucrative sponsorship agreements, team contracts and a plethora of other benefits befitting an athlete of their caliber. On the other hand athletes that are sub-par or fail to distinguish themselves often fade into obscurity or are relegated to contracts and sponsorships that are barely within the range of the average median salary within the U.S. Not only that unlike other careers athletes only have a set period of time in order to stand out and distinguish themselves due to decreasing performance levels as they age. Steroids give athletes the performance boost they need in order to win games, events or sporting competitions (Mannie, 2004). It enhances their stamina, gives them greater strength, speed and durability and even allows them to recover faster from injuries thus resulting in a performance level that is above the norm (Silvester, 2006). What must be understood is that modern day sporting competitions whether in baseball, football or basketball are all about a players stats and playing ability. The value of athletes has been relegated to a set of numbers wherein the greater the number the higher their value is to a team or sponsors. This creates a behavioral predilection towards constant improvement towards perfection not for the sake of being more competitive but rather a desire to stay relevant in sporting events where superstars abound and talented rookies enter into the fray on an almost yearl y basis. Steroid Use among Athletes In a way being an athlete is a race against time as they fight to stay relevant whiles their bodies age and their abilities whither. What must be understood is that steroid use helps to preserve and enhance existing skills beyond what people would normally be capable of doing.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sports and Steroids: Society’s Acceptance or Rejection of Steroids in Sports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It acts as a method of increasing muscular density and stamina resulting in increased performance in even the oldest athletes (Silvester, 2006). One example of this can be seen in increased performance of Barry Bonds during the latter part of his career. What must be understood is that while Barry Bonds was an excellent baseball player in his youth however his performance started to decline during his early 30s. Surprisingly though Bonds very noticeably began to bulk up and his performance greatly improved during his mid 30s to the point that he was noticeably better than he was during the earlier half of his career. As it turns out his improved physique and athletic prowess were not due to a strenuous workout regimen and diet as Bonds had stated but rather was entirely due to steroid use. Other baseball athletes that exhibited greater athleticism during the latter part of their careers such as Sammy Sousa have also tested positive for steroid use and as such its use has become synonymous with cheating the clock so to speak wherein physical prowess and athletic performance is preserved or even drastically improved during the latter part of an athletes career. It is due to this that athletes begin to turn towards steroid use in order to not be relegated into the background, to achieve their moment of fame, to preserve their athleticism when theyre well past their prime and to attain in their eyes their much deserved reward for stri ving so hard. Perception of Steroid use by Fans and Athletes On average fan perception regarding steroid use by athletes has been largely negative with most athletes that have proven records of steroid usage often losing a majority of their fans (Denham, 2000). As it was indicated earlier athletes are often used by society as role models for behavior and achievement. When such athletes cheat in order to win it is thought of as being the equivalent of spitting in the face of the people that believed in them for so long. People want to believe that incredible feats of athleticism are possible through hard work and perseverance since for them it is a reflection of what they themselves might be capable of in their own lives albeit in a different way. It must be noted though that before they are found out athletes that use steroids often have a much larger fan base as compared to athletes that dont use steroids. This is due to the fact that their improved performance often makes them mor e prominent as compared to other athletes and as such become fan favorites. It is only when they are found out that their fan base rapidly erodes and such athletes are thought of in a negative light due to their use of unethical methods in order to boost their performance.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In general it can be seen that both in society and in the media athletes that use steroids are generally portrayed unfavorably due to them representing the darker half of sports (Denham, 2000). They are vilified, thought of as cheaters and sometimes even shunned for their actions and as such can be considered a warning to all athletes that even consider turning to steroids as a means of boosting their performance. Adolescents and Steroids What is the percentage of adolescent users? An examination by the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) estimates that within the U.S. alone nearly 500,000 teenagers are currently using steroids (Kuehn, 2009). In fact it was noted by Kuehn (2009) that in 2005 there was a .7% increase in the amount of steroids utilized by boys in 10th grade as compared to the previous year which was at only 2% (Kuehn, 2009). What must be understood is that while 2.7% may seem like small number the fact remains that no teenager should be using steroids at all so ev en a .7% increase can be considered a large increase. It as estimated that nearly 6.6% of all male high school seniors particularly those within athletic programs utilized steroids in order to gain a competitive edge (Kuehn, 2009). Further studies also revealed that there was also a certain degree of steroid use among the female athletes within various high schools but little data has been collected regarding this particular population base due to the fact that most studies focuses on male archetypes of steroid usage. It is interesting to note though that there are no racial differences in steroid use with no specific racial group specifically utilizing steroids. What was seen though is that steroid use was often concentrated in various athletic departments and as such in order to examine the prevalence of steroid use in a particular school it is best to focus most of the examinations mainly on student athletes since they have a greater predilection towards its use. What must be und erstood is that steroid usage has a specific risk factor for adolescents as compared to adults due to the fact that rising testosterone and sex hormone levels within the body are actually used as an inherent mechanism for triggering growth spurts during adolescence. When these hormone levels reach a certain point they actually send a signal to a persons bones to stop growing and unfortunately by utilizing anabolic steroids this causes the bones to stop growing prematurely for adolescents (Bahrke,Yesalis, Kopstein Stephens, 2000). This particular situation is also facilitated by other side effects of steroids such as increased aggression, the development of liver tumors, cholestatic jaundice and in some cases the development of blood filled cysts within the liver that have a tendency to rupture causing internal bleeding (Lumia McGinnis, 2010) Adolescents, Peer Pressure and their Emulation of Sports Icons What must be understood when examining the current behavior of numerous young adolescents and their use of steroids is the fact that they believe steroids are an effective shortcut of enhancing their performance to the same degree as their sports heroes. While it may be true that they acknowledge the fact that taking steroids is a form of cheating they still look at athletic greats such as Sammy Sosa, Barry Bonds, Triple H and Batista who have all been confirmed as taking steroids and believe that despite the inherent risks involved the glory, money and fame that comes along with being an athletic superstar is well worth the risks involved in utilizing steroids (Feinberg, 2009). Furthermore the persistent myth that side effects only come through prolonged usage convinces many student athletes that by taking steroids in limited amounts they can avoid the supposed side effects that come with steroid use. Another factor that should be taken into consideration is peer pressure and how it at times forces people to take steroids even though they initially have no d esire to. A student athletes’ worth is determine by their performance in their given sport and at times such students are pressured into taking steroids by their teammates in order to improve their performance and win championships. Even though they dont want to take steroids the pressure to perform and be part of the team often causes young athletes to take steroids which places them on the path for future health complications in the future. Conclusion Based on what has been presented in this paper so far it can be seen that steroid usage among athletes not only is a highly unethical method of competing within a sport but it also sends the wrong message to adolescents that all they need to do in order to become a sports superstar is to take steroids. While it may be true that steroids do indeed boost athletic performance to considerable levels the fact remains that in the end if such athletes are found out they tarnish the reputations of the sport and ruin the sense of fair play and competition that is the basis for most sporting events. Not only that the rising rates of adolescent steroid usage can be assumed as being directly connected to steroid usage within major sports as well and as such players that use steroids can be considered ethically liable for health conditions adolescents that take steroids will suffer since they act as their role models. It is based on the findings of this paper that it can be stated that steroids should not be used for advancement in sports due to both the negative reputation it gives to certain sports and the fact that adolescents look up to their sports heroes as the basis for their own attitude in competitive events. Reference List Bahrke, M. S., Yesalis, C. E., Kopstein, A. N., Stephens, J. A. (2000). Risk Factors Associated With Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use Among Adolescents. Sports  Medicine, 29(6), 397-405. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Denham, B. E. (2000). Performance-Enhancing Drug Use in Amateur and Profes sional Sports: Separating the Realities from the Ramblings. Culture, Sport, Society, 3(2), 56. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Feinberg, J. M. (2009). College Students Perceptions of Athletes Who Cheat: The Role of Performance and History. Journal of Sport Behavior, 32(4), 460. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Hassan, N. A., Salem, M. F., Sayed, M. L. (2009). Doping and effects of anabolic androgenic steroids on the heart: histological, ultrastructural, and echocardiographic assessment in strength athletes. Human Experimental  Toxicology, 28(5), 273-283. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Kuehn, B. M. (2009). Teen Steroid, Supplement Use Targeted. JAMA: Journal of the  American Medical Association, 302(21), 2301. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Lumia, A. R., McGinnis, M. Y. (2010). Impact of anabolic androgenic steroids on adolescent males. Physiology Behavior, 100(3), 199-204. Mannie, K. (2004). DESIGNER STEROIDS: UGLY, DANGEROUS THinGs. Coach   Athletic Director, 73(9), 14. Retrieved from EBSCOhost . Silvester, J. L. (2006). ANABOLIC STEROIDS AT THE 1972 OLYMPICS!. Coach   Athletic Director, 76(3), 11. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Book Review Of Rich Dad Poor Dad Philosophy Essay

Book Review Of Rich Dad Poor Dad Philosophy Essay Rich Dad, Poor Dad: What The Rich Teach Their Kids About Money – That The Poor And Middle Class Do Not! Nobody wants to be poor. Everyone wants to be rich. However, no matter how high people reach or how hard people work, still many of us struggle financially, have insufficient funds to meet our expenses, are unprepared for retirement and simply are not able to attain all our wants. And there are only but a few â€Å"lucky ones† who end up being successful, money-wise. And the solutions that we normally come up with are to look for higher paying jobs, get a second or even a third job, acquire more assets and maybe hope to win the lottery. In this book, the author presents that our thoughts and actions have great impact on our lives. Our way of thinking, choices and decisions lead us to become either rich or poor. By presenting two contrasting mentalities, we get to not just accept one but to ponder on both and choose for ourselves how we will live our lives. The centra l and most important point presented here is in order for us to prevent money struggle, as early as we can, we should already be thinking, reflecting and directing our thoughts toward becoming rich. We should teach and use our minds to harness the power of money. This book is a wake up call to all of us to educate ourselves on money matters. Financial education is not being taught in school. We first learn it at home. And since most of us are not financially literate and the advice that we give are from past generations that do not really meet the changes of the present times, we end up teaching the young ones how to become like what most of us already are. A poor man can only teach much and mostly those teachings are what they have applied for themselves, thus continuing the cycle of money struggle. It is alarming to note that a lot of people are on their path to becoming poor each day and only a handful become mindful of their future and the future of nations and the rest of the w orld. I think finishing this book is not the point where we start applying this knowledge. Teaching our children but not changing our ways might just be not so beneficial, and so I suggest that upon learning this new perspective on money, one should realign his thinking, choices and decisions in order to fully reap the bounties. Some of the advice presented in this book are quite scary and risky but they do challenge us to exercise our minds and stretch our thoughts. It was also surprising how Robert Kiyosaki began this book. He was downright challenging the traditional ways of sending our children to school, motivating them to get grades and finish their studies and influencing them to find a good job by telling us that this could be their path to becoming poor. Further, he clearly chose the Rich Dad for his role model, someone who did not even finish the eighth grade.

Source Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Source Analysis Assignment - Essay Example The inconsistency may be due to differing style and theological conception as highlighted in Genesis 1 and 2 resulting to a different order of creation. In the first account, man and woman were created after the birds and animals and formed the climax of the creation while in the second creation account man was created before the animals and birds while the creation of the woman followed their creation (Gen 2: 19-22). The two accounts show some disagreement as the sequence of creation of events is an indication that two authors were involved. Looking at the style and form of writing in chapter one, it is very clear that chapter 1 is very precise, measured, and stereotyped while chapter shows diversity as there are no recurrence of formulae such as to create. Chapter 1 is more systematic while chapter 2 is spontaneous such as in the case of the earth which is first dry (GEN 2:5). In the first account, the earth emerges from the waters and the order of filling it is very different with that of the chapter 2. There is a great discrepancy between the two creations of man stories in chapters 1 and 2. The differences may also be due to mechanical errors of the editors during compilation disturbing the order of creation. The second account seems to be more dramatic with an imagination that captures the heart with more influence on the feelings of the reader and less on the intellect part of the reader. There are other major differences between the two creation accounts. One of them is the conception of God in which the first one sees God as majestic and dignified. The second views God as somebody with humanistic traits such as speaking, walking, and behaving like an earthy man. Other differences such as the case in which he creates man and woman at the same time in chapter one (Gen 1: 27), while in chapter 2, man was created first and women was created later

Do you think that juvenile offenders who have committed a homicide Essay

Do you think that juvenile offenders who have committed a homicide should be tried as adults - Essay Example ne has done; so a young offender should at least be evaluated on the matter of psychological abnormality and must be provided with special mental treatment along with some legal measures of punishment like a short sentence in prison. The main question is whether children are capable of acknowledging their actions and their consequences. Thus the claims concerning lack of brain development in kids doesn’t justify any criminal actions that children may do. If it was so, then any juvenile offender would be excused just because it was not his fault for commiting the crime, but it was lack of brain development which made him act cruelly. Such excuses would let children do whatever they want and no one could have blamed them for anything. However, a great argument was stated by representatives of the National Organization of Victims of Juvenile Offenders who reasonably noted in one of NY Times articles concerning this issue: â€Å"While juvenile advocates often note that a youth’s brain is still developing, we all learn from an extremely early age that killing is wrong† (Kozlowska n.pag.). The statement definitely makes sense as it is difficult to imagine a child who wouldn’t know that killing is a bad thing to do. Thus it means that when a juvenile offender was about to make a crime, he had already known that the action was extremely bad and illegal. Moreover, it is obvious that if someone close to a child died, the child would feel grief, because one would know that death is a bad thing, especially when people kill each other. Doesn’t this mean that kids’ brain is developed enough to understand moral standards and discern good from bad? Although when a child kills a human, for some reasons people say that children’s brains are not developed enough, so they shouldn’t be charged for anything. The situation creates a kind of double standard regarding the issue. As far as an action must be evaluated according to a person’s acknowledgement of what is good

OSHA Legal Aspects of Safety and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

OSHA Legal Aspects of Safety and Health - Essay Example OSHA is also allowed to issue multiple penalties incase the consideration is on per instance basis (Ehlke, 2005). In this case, the standard violated needs to have clearly stipulated that compliance is per individual employee. In this instance, record keeping and lead protection standards stipulate that all recordable injuries should be entered on the log and an employee should be removed from work after being exposed. Also in case an employer has persistent high rates of injuries and/or fatalities, long history of violations, intentional ignorance to standards and lastly, bad faith multiple citations can be issued (Ehlke, 2005). These are good examples where multiple violations can be cited by OSHA under the egregious violations policy. It is important to note here that OSHA has the discretion to group violations and use this as a basis to propose penalties with multiple violations attracting single or multiplied penalties. References Ehlke, B. M. (2005). OSHA targets for 2005. Retr ieved 25 Jan. 2011 from, http://library.findlaw.com/2004/Aug/1/231145.html

Discussion board reply Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion board reply - Assignment Example I believe that organizations should open the jobs for everyone by removing the restricting clause of age. This would promote equal opportunities for people from diverse background and help recruitment officers get the best applicant for the job. It is incorrect to say that target recruiting zeroes in on those select applicants most likely to possess the skill, knowledge and interest needed for the job openings because there are better and fairer ways to recruit applicants who fit best to the job (Bagley, Dalton * Ortegren, 2013). Online job application is one of the most effective ways of advertising the job and getting applications from applicants from diverse background who may fit the job specification. Moreover, online advertising also facilitates screening and calling for interviews only those candidates who fulfill job specifications. Target recruitment promotes discriminatory practices and therefore should be avoided by organizations. In the current times of rising unemployment, target recruitment deprives eligible candidates of the job opportunities. As such, it should not be encouraged and government should come up with stringent measures to dissuade the practice of target

Accounting and Non Accounting Case Analysis Essay

Accounting and Non Accounting Case Analysis - Essay Example This can be done only if the information received by the decision makers like Chancellor Brown will not be poor, lacking or far from the actual figures. One very good strategy is the United Kingdom government to make most government transactions with its constituents and other nations TRANSPARENT. One very good government strategy is the United Kingdom’s efforts to sell some of its idle assets which are recommended by the different departments. The different departments of the government is given a free hand to determine whether to maintain, reduce or increase the next accounting period’s budget.The government must continue its budgeting process by prioritizing its expenditures to health, infrastructure and the educational system, among other priority projects. Each department of the United Kingdom Government must be thrifty in its purchases and payments. This means that all unnecessary wastes of office supplies, electricity, light and water, telephone and other expense s must be minimized to the level of â€Å"necessary† and not â€Å"regular† expenses."necessary" and not "regular" expenses. The golden rule of government spending is for the United Kingdom government to limit the output or expenses to the inputs or resources. The government must also be complacent and continue its present sustainable fiscal policies. One of the major government moves is to target the annual inflation rate. There are many factors that affect inflation. Ordinary lay people interpret inflation as the monthly or even weekly increase of daily needs of man like food, clothing, and shelter. It is generally a persistent and readily felt rise in the prices of prime commodities. This rise in the prices of daily commodities results in the lower value of the monetary currency. The inflation rate can be triggered and increased by other factors like the unemployment rate, the gross domestic product, and other factors. The government now has to print more paper money because now the ordinary lay people need more paper currency to pay for the once lower priced basic goods like milk, fish, and others. The present rapidly expanding United Kingdom economy(Wormell, 2000) has contributed much to affect the inflation rate of the state. In an inflationary situation, the man on the street will have to spend more money to get the same quantity of basic needs they consume during the previous years. The United Kingdom must therefore constantly watch and take necessary steps to keep the prices of basic necessities or goods at stable, if not permitted to be lowered, prices. The present open policy of the United Kingdom government has helped much in alleviating the tight economic situation prevailing within its territories. The present increase in the unemployment situation has contributed to the inflation of goods. The daily moves of the Parliament and Chancellor Brown will also trigger the increase or decrease of the inflation rate. The present government is presently implementing the four principles of macroeconomics(Fleetwood, 1999) of the government which are (a) Principle of stability through constrained discretion, (b) Principle of credibility through sound long term policies, (c) Principle of credibility through maximum transparency and (d) Principle of credibility through commitment. Statements and Budgets The budget for the fourth quarter of the coming year 2007 is shown in Exhibit A below. The fourth quarter 2007 budget is based on the third quarter 2005 actual data taken. For the 4th quarter, 2007, the Gross Domestic Product at current market prices is 333.52 billion pounds whereas the households have 209.88 billion pounds. The

OSHA Legal Aspects of Safety and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

OSHA Legal Aspects of Safety and Health - Essay Example OSHA is also allowed to issue multiple penalties incase the consideration is on per instance basis (Ehlke, 2005). In this case, the standard violated needs to have clearly stipulated that compliance is per individual employee. In this instance, record keeping and lead protection standards stipulate that all recordable injuries should be entered on the log and an employee should be removed from work after being exposed. Also in case an employer has persistent high rates of injuries and/or fatalities, long history of violations, intentional ignorance to standards and lastly, bad faith multiple citations can be issued (Ehlke, 2005). These are good examples where multiple violations can be cited by OSHA under the egregious violations policy. It is important to note here that OSHA has the discretion to group violations and use this as a basis to propose penalties with multiple violations attracting single or multiplied penalties. References Ehlke, B. M. (2005). OSHA targets for 2005. Retr ieved 25 Jan. 2011 from, http://library.findlaw.com/2004/Aug/1/231145.html

Accounting and Non Accounting Case Analysis Essay

Accounting and Non Accounting Case Analysis - Essay Example This can be done only if the information received by the decision makers like Chancellor Brown will not be poor, lacking or far from the actual figures. One very good strategy is the United Kingdom government to make most government transactions with its constituents and other nations TRANSPARENT. One very good government strategy is the United Kingdom’s efforts to sell some of its idle assets which are recommended by the different departments. The different departments of the government is given a free hand to determine whether to maintain, reduce or increase the next accounting period’s budget.The government must continue its budgeting process by prioritizing its expenditures to health, infrastructure and the educational system, among other priority projects. Each department of the United Kingdom Government must be thrifty in its purchases and payments. This means that all unnecessary wastes of office supplies, electricity, light and water, telephone and other expense s must be minimized to the level of â€Å"necessary† and not â€Å"regular† expenses."necessary" and not "regular" expenses. The golden rule of government spending is for the United Kingdom government to limit the output or expenses to the inputs or resources. The government must also be complacent and continue its present sustainable fiscal policies. One of the major government moves is to target the annual inflation rate. There are many factors that affect inflation. Ordinary lay people interpret inflation as the monthly or even weekly increase of daily needs of man like food, clothing, and shelter. It is generally a persistent and readily felt rise in the prices of prime commodities. This rise in the prices of daily commodities results in the lower value of the monetary currency. The inflation rate can be triggered and increased by other factors like the unemployment rate, the gross domestic product, and other factors. The government now has to print more paper money because now the ordinary lay people need more paper currency to pay for the once lower priced basic goods like milk, fish, and others. The present rapidly expanding United Kingdom economy(Wormell, 2000) has contributed much to affect the inflation rate of the state. In an inflationary situation, the man on the street will have to spend more money to get the same quantity of basic needs they consume during the previous years. The United Kingdom must therefore constantly watch and take necessary steps to keep the prices of basic necessities or goods at stable, if not permitted to be lowered, prices. The present open policy of the United Kingdom government has helped much in alleviating the tight economic situation prevailing within its territories. The present increase in the unemployment situation has contributed to the inflation of goods. The daily moves of the Parliament and Chancellor Brown will also trigger the increase or decrease of the inflation rate. The present government is presently implementing the four principles of macroeconomics(Fleetwood, 1999) of the government which are (a) Principle of stability through constrained discretion, (b) Principle of credibility through sound long term policies, (c) Principle of credibility through maximum transparency and (d) Principle of credibility through commitment. Statements and Budgets The budget for the fourth quarter of the coming year 2007 is shown in Exhibit A below. The fourth quarter 2007 budget is based on the third quarter 2005 actual data taken. For the 4th quarter, 2007, the Gross Domestic Product at current market prices is 333.52 billion pounds whereas the households have 209.88 billion pounds. The

The Effects of New Technology in Human Lives Essay Example for Free

The Effects of New Technology in Human Lives Essay New technology impacts our daily lives in every field, from the cars we drive, cell phones we use, computers and networks we access and power we consume! In fact humans have always been greatly affected with the developments in new technology. However, nowadays new information technology is a bit more complex with cloud computing, new methods of security and data encryption! Its a universal fact that new information technology not only benefits programmers, database managers, hardware engineers and network analysts but it also benefits the common user as well. New information technology was developed in 1940s and 1950s for the better working of military and universities. There is a whole generation of kids now who are growing up not knowing what was before the internet and the cell phone. This new technology to the older generation is novice and unique in their lives. New science and technology offers breakthroughs in our life times and our childrens lifetimes that will significantly impact the world in which we live. It is believed that new medical science and technology will be able to cure cancer, HIV-AIDS and even the common cold! New medical technology is being continuously developed, from clinical trials for pharmaceuticals to robotics for complex surgery! New science and technology may also one day lead to mainstream alternative fuel vehicles, space travel for civilians, virtual reality conferences, a worldwide network of personal wireless electronics, data-transmission at the speed of thought, reversal of global warming and too many other innovations to mention. Latest research in computer science is not limited to medical, business, gadget, IT, space, education, etc. But it will mean better health, more knowledge and more power at our finger-tips. Some of the other hot topics in new research technology include environment and renewable energy, space science, electronics, stem-cell investigations and many others. All these developments in human lives is wholly credited to the amazing invention of computers! The computer application is used and acknowledged worldwide. New models of computers are emerging daily, having different features, unique shapes and attractive designs. Whether a new or used computer, it occupies a prominent place in our lives. Used and cheap computers are available in the market for the benefits of students and professionals, working mothers or for home-based jobs, from businesses to medicine, from education to aviation, from government departments to the corporate trading world, these used computers and refurbished laptops are performing amazing tasks! Cheap computers and refurbished laptops are available at very affordable rates to help students and young professionals to pursue their career. Business technology is developing everyday to help companies get an edge on their competition as well as bring more engaging products and services into the market place. But it must be realized that as new business technology will lead to more productivity, it will also create more competition. New technology, in years past, may have been inventing the wheel, the telescope, the printing press or the first steam-driven car. But it cannot be denied that new technology has driven societies towards greater health, wealth, security and well-being!

Henry Ford And Fordism Influences Cultural Studies Essay

Henry Ford And Fordism Influences Cultural Studies Essay Management techniques have gone through many different stages and continue to evolve even today. In the early part of the 20th century as well as the high growth periods of the US economy after World War II, Fordism, was in the forefront, as it focused on mass production and mass consumption as a means of expanding the economy. However as the US economy went through slow growth years, this particular system did not work and other management systems took precedence. Yet there are many organisations that continue to use Henry Fords philosophy even in the 21st century. And it is the objective of this research document to study the relevance of the concepts introduced by Henry Ford and the impact and influence it has on 21st century organisations. Literature Reviews: When the transformation from the agricultural age to industrial mass production took place, Henry Ford and his philosophy that consisted of using specialized tools, assembly lines and using non-skilled labour in direct production were able to drive economic growth and expansion at unprecedented levels (Shiomi Wada, 1995). Likewise it was Fords philosophy that was the driving factor behind the automobile industry and this system is still used to a great extent by the automobile industry to date. The automobile industry is still the worlds largest manufacturing industry and even though many of the leading car makers have automated their systems to a great extent and reduced their dependence on labour, they still use the assembly line method with the concepts that were introduced by Henry Ford (Shiomi Wada, 1995). This is not to say that the assembly line method was the brainchild of Henry Ford but rather that the assembly line of today has been greatly influenced by him and has not gone through many major changes in the last seven or eight decades (Gowing, Morris, Adler Gold, 2008). The moving assembly line that we have known through the years and is seen to date even in this age of advanced robotics being used in the automobile industry was introduced by Henry Ford (Laurie, 2000). There are currently a few schools of thought that have been finding it difficult to decide if Fordism has had a direct impact on the current economic system that is not wholly based on mass production and consumption as it was after World War II but rather a more streamlined method that is associated with socio-economic phenomena, that is prevalent in all industrial countries throughout the latter part of the 20th century. While it may not be the same as the Fordism that was seen in the automotive industry during the era of Henry Ford, it is still largely based on the system that was formulated by him. In his system employees worked on a production line and the tasks that they performed were specialized in nature and most importantly it was repetitive. The modern day concept of Fordism centers round the following concepts as opposed to the concepts that were discussed above. These concepts are as follows Production is in small batches rather than mass production Economies of Scope are valued The jobs and the products that are manufactured are all specialized Information Technology is widely used The emphasis is on the consumer rather than the different social classes in a society. Instead of the blue-collar worker of the past we see a number in the rise of the white-collar workers due to this concept. The workforce includes females as opposed to be male dominated like in the past. (Kim, 2002) The above concepts have come into play due to the saturation of the key markets, which worked against the concept of mass consumption. Due to this new concepts the emphasis is on uplifting the living standards, which in turn has changed the manner in which the market is viewed from the manufacturers end (production/manufacturing stand point). Rather than the consumers being seen as a mass market that can be served by one generic type of item, manufacturers began to see the consumers as individuals that made up many different segments of market. Therefore it occurred to the manufacturers that the consumers were better served if they were grouped in to batches and products and services were provided that fit the goals and needs of those specific segments rather than the mass market (Ray Reed, 1994). Therefore the mass market concept that was introduced by Ford has now been narrowed to markets that are specific to luxury items, custom made products and positional goods. Production, which was homogenous in nature at the start of Fordism, is today more focused and therefore is diverse and can be differentiated. Further as stated previously the economies of scale of the Ford era have now evolved into Economies of Scale due to the diversification and differentiation that is taking place in the market place (Raynor, 2004). The changes that have brought about the 21st century organisation, is largely due to factors such as the changing global economic and political landscape and the changes in prominent ideologies. Due to the declines that were seen in national production (that was prevalent in the post war America) for a more globalised production system of the late 80s and 90s, along with the increase of global markets and multi national companies, flexible specialization has replaced the mass markets of the post war era. Commanding the workers to behave in a certain way has now been replaced and management pays more attention to communication rather than ordering as was seen in Fords time. Further the centralized production process of yester year is now replaced by outsourcing, franchising, sub-contracting, part time workers, temporary workers, self employed individuals and work-from home individuals. Besides the economic changes that took place as stated above there have been many political changes that have taken place that has forced the evolution of Fordism (Thomas, 2004). The political changes are mainly the change from the class based political parties (as seen in the United Kingdom and the United States) to the political parties that are based on social movements, gender, race, religion and region. Labour Union influence is today almost non-existent North America and is now replaced by more localized entities that engage in plant based negotiations. Further the rise of an entrepreneurialistic culture has also lead to the evolution of Fordism. Even education today is less standardized as it used to be and become more specialized with the work force seeing a decline in the numbers of individuals opting for blue-collar jobs and rather joining the ranks of the white-collar workers (Lebowitz, 2004). Italy is a very good example of how the concepts of Fordism have evolved over the years. In areas such as Milan, Turin and Genoa, production used to be focused on the concept of mass production for mass consumption, however during the 1970s and later, the clusters of small companies and manufacturing plants started developing in areas such as Tuscany, Umbria and Veneto to name a few. Each of these regions specialized and produced a different set of products that were all very loosely related to one another. Each of the factories often employed workers that numbered between five and fifty (a majority of which were below ten). This is what is called the economies of scope and a far cry from the economies of scale that we saw in the initial stages of Fordism (Williams, 1998). The feature of these manufacturing units was that the product that were manufactured were of high quality and the workers who were employed were highly skilled and highly paid due to the high level of skills. There was deep integration and much involvement between the entrepreneurs, the designers as well as the engineers in each of these plants and the plants themselves were design oriented and multi-disciplinary in nature. Japan is another good example of the evolution of Fordism that took place. After world war II and the destruction of the country, the company structure within the country changed drastically, this caused the trade unions to be replaced with management friendly unions, increased number of individuals who were less specialized and more multi-skilled. Further the company had a pool of part time/temp and unskilled workers for periphery workers (Perkins, 2005). Further due to the trade embargoes that the country was faced with after World War II, the production processes within the country could experiment on the domestic market and when the embargoes were finally lifted and imported technology and processes came into the Japanese market, the production industry was ready to absorb the techniques and better it through philosophies such as TQM (Total Quality Management) etc. Due to the price fixing that was prevalent in the market, competition in the domestic market could only be won by differentiation. Further due to the demand for a wide range of products the country was able to have a wide range of facilities that were flexible and able to changeover and produce a large product line. Therefore instead of standardizing the country had a huge number of factories and plants that were specialized in a wide variety of products. Sub-contracting and supply networks were first born in Japan, which changed the Fordist view that American companies of the time were diligently following. Instead of having costly production machinery, the evolved Fordist concepts were more focused on multi-purpose technologies that were affordable for small and medium scale producers who were flooding the market (Pettibone, 2006). Findings: Even though assembly lines are thought to be a thing of the past and Henry Fords concepts of management are thought to be obsolete, the largest manufacturing industry in the world, which is the automobile industry, still uses the method and the concepts even though it has gone through a few transformations. However the concepts that were introduced by Ford has evolved to a great extent today and is used in companies in many different forms. Analysis: With the two stage transformations that the concepts went through in the last century, Henry Fords concepts are still relevant in the 21st century as they were in the 20th century. While many may argue that his concepts have gone through many different stages of evolution this is not the case. The automobile industry that is still in existence in North America and around the world use many of Fords concepts, and many of the concepts that are in different stages of evolution. Therefore it can be stated that the Automobile industry being the largest manufacturing industry in the world is one of the most important examples of the impact that Fordism has had on the 21st century company. The Automobile industry uses a combination of the mass production and flexible specialization. The flexibility that was introduced into mass production would not have been possible if Ford had not first introduced mass production, therefore even though Fordist concepts maybe hidden and changed beyond recognition over the years, it is apparent that without Fords concepts the foundation for modern day production would not have been built and therefore modern day theorist would not have had much to build on to get to where they are today (Bencivenga, 2002). Therefore it can be concluded, that even though Fordism and Ford himself is often forgotten in our flexible, technology driven, multi-skilled, multi-purpose, positional and customized production era, the influence of Ford and Fordism is very strong and none of this would have been possible without him and his concepts and methods. Conclusion: Based on the huge number of organisations that still eliminate skilled labour in direct production, use special tools and equipment through the assembly line, all go to show that the concepts that were introduced by Henry Ford are still relevant even in the 21st century even though mass production/mass consumption cannot be considered as a economic driver for expansion. Further even in companies that the above is not true, the concepts in place are all concepts that have evolved from Fordism.

Dutch Republic Essay -- History, European Trade

The Dutch Republic was very successful economically and militarily around the 1650s. The Dutch were a well-respected nation in Europe due to the power they held over trade routes during the middle of the 17th century. Later, the Dutch Republic began to decline because of wars initiated by power-hungry competitor nations, mounting internal issues, and deteriorating trade in the later part of the 17th century. After witnessing the Dutch Republic’s rise in becoming a dominating controller of European trade, other countries in the area were eager to be a part of the success – even if that meant using force. England attacked the Dutch in three Anglo-Dutch Wars between 1652 and 1674, according to Document 3. Compared to the five hundred English ships that the Dutch seized, the English took approximately two thousand Dutch ships. This loss to Dutch merchant shipping would not be easily recovered. It is clear by the battle markers shown in Document 1 that many English Battles for economic influence occurred near trade routes. Everyone was desperate for a chance to get in on the profitable trade. France even allied with England in the Treaty of Dover (Document 6) so that the â€Å"allied sovereigns [could] then jointly declare war on the Dutch Republic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As an official treaty, Document 6 is a clear insight into the true and blatant violent intentions of the other natio ns to take out the Dutch Republic’s power in order to increase their own. It was strategic partner to take out the Dutch before they absorbed all the trade power – a win-win for the England and France. At the Amsterdam City Council, people were obviously biased toward the Dutch side of the war. However, their opinion that â€Å"other kings seem more and more to scheme how to ruin wh... ...from one end by declining trade due to war and from the other by citizens, angry that their taxes had to fight the wars. The economic problems made finding war funding hopeless while the internal conflicts constantly pushed the fragile central government. The Dutch Republic made a steady decline following the 1650s. Though their budding commercial power in Amsterdam was great for both them and Europe, other countries saw that power as a potential threat. Seeking to take some of that commerce for their own use, nations like England and France allied to wage devastating war on the Dutch Republic. They damaged their morale and their wallets. Trade declined as the battles wore out the Dutch merchant ships and ravaged trade roots. With repeated military defeats, trade economy with damaged roots and piling debt, it was impossible for the Dutch to remain successful.

The Nursing Shortage Essays -- Nurse Medical Medicine Health 2014

Table of Contents The Problem 2 The Causes of the Nursing Shortage 2 The Impact of the Nursing Shortage 5 Current Federal Legislation 6 Alternatives 8 Recommendations 9 Works Cited 11 The Problem Current literature continues to reiterate the indicators of a major shortage of registered nurses (RNs) in the United States. The total RN population has been increasing since 1980, which means that we have more RNs in this country than ever before (Nursing Shortage). Even though the RN population is increasing, it is growing at a much slower rate then when compared to the rate of growth of the U.S. population (Nursing Shortage). We are seeing less skilled nurses â€Å"at a time of an increasingly aging population with complex care needs and an increasingly complex technological care environment† (Mion). According to recent data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Department of Health and Human Services, it is estimated that â€Å"more than a million new and replacement nurses will be needed over the next decade† (Diagnosis: Critical). A chronic nursing shortage has been a reoccurring problem that impacts the future of our health care system and, even more so, the future quality of long-term care in this country. Currently, there are several federal and state initiatives, organizations, and agencies dedicated to solutions of the shortage. However, we continue to lack the necessary number of RNs needed to deliver quality care to a population with growing health care demands. The Causes of the Nursing Shortage There are several factors that are considered the causes of the nursing shortage. Literature suggests that the shortage is linked to factors related to current population trends and the nature of the health care e... ...rvey.htm>. Spetz, Joanne, and Sara Adams. "How Can Employment-Based Benefits Help the Nurse Shortage?" Health Affairs 25 (Jan.-Feb. 2006): 212-218. ProQuest . Ithaca Coll. Lib., Ithaca, NY. 10 Dec. 2012. . "State Legislative Initiatives to Address the Nursing Shortage." American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Oct. 2006. 11 Dec. 2012 . "Toward a Method for Identifying Facilities and Communities with Shortages of Nurses." Health Resourses and Services Administration. 2004. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 5 Dec. 2012 . "What Works: Healing the Healthcare Staffing Shortage." Modern Healthcare 37.29 (July 2007). ABI/INFORM. ProQuest. Ithaca Coll. Lib., Ithaca, NY. 2 Dec. 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .

Essay About Politics

In Regeneration Pat Barker utilises the character of Burns as a way of presenting the extent to which the society have managed to damage the young soldiers. Burns is a fictional character used as an extreme case in Craiglockhart Hospital that presents the emotional destruction that all soldiers feel and further enhances the strain from society on Burns individually shown in the actions he uses to demonstrate a severe deterioration.It is clear that the war is continuously playing on the mind of Burns in this extract by the militaristic imagery he uses when describing, what to other members of society, would be simply a normal walk around. On the bus journey first of all he describes the rattle of branches on the bus windows as sounding like ‘machine-gun fire’, which depicts the constant reminder he faces of the front line. The reaction of Burns trying not to be caught ‘crying out’ having heard these sounds suggests just how stressful being reminded of war in any way can be.Throughout this extract Burns also shows the discontent he feels and the struggle he faces to do the simplest of tasks such as walking up a hill. Barker refers to Burns’ struggle as ‘climbing the hill between trees’. The clever use of ‘climbing’ suggests the physical struggle he faces but also draws parallel with the feeling of climbing in and out of trenches on the western front that he formally faced, therefore hints at the idea that being reintegrated into British society was as much a â€Å"war† as it was when fighting on the western front.Again Pat Barker manages to show Burns facing the mirrored difficulties of war when he is ‘slipping and stumbling’ in ‘his mud-encumbered boots’ just like if he was in the harsh conditions of war. However we know that actually the ‘ploughed field’ he was walking through was nowhere near as difficult to travel through as in the western front which high lights how he has got far worse since returning which could possibly be due to the added pressure of society that he has been unable to adapt to life back home.Another key indicator that displays the pressure that has affected the character of Burns is the physical strains he faces. He depicts the discomfort with human contact so he ‘tensed, not liking the contact’ which indicates the disconnection he feels from society. Barker also further illustrates the dissatisfaction with life in general with his very pessimistic reflection on the day at the beginning. Looking at his room window he envisaged a ‘blurred landscape’ and the ‘sky and hills’ dissolved ‘together in a wash of grey’.The ‘grey’ and ‘blurred’ landscape that would have realistically have held much greater detail in rural Scotland- where Craiglockhart was located- shows the insignificance of the surrounding world for these struggling soldiers. Th ese dull adjectives simply underline the feeling of being fed up that Burn would have felt having being withdrawn from war and now has understood that he no longer has much meaning in life due to the societal pressure forced upon him.The feeling of being fed up that Burns portrays is seen through his dislike for spending time with others in the ‘common room’. He describes the talk as ‘facetious tones’ describing how he does not care what people have to say as it does not wish to spend time socialising with others due to the domino effect that he feels alienated from society. The men appear to sit around the ‘common room’ and talk about ‘the war, the war, the war’ showing how annoyed he is that this is all people talk about.The repetition of ‘the’ shows that this was the single most important thing of the time and this has left Burns feeling annoyed that he would rather just disconnect himself from everyone instead of f eel pigeonholed to only talk about such a distressful topic. As Billy Prior mentions later on in the novel this club ‘will be the club to end all clubs’ whereas Burns clearly does not comply with this. Physical strain on him. Paranoid- everything is against him. Possibly signs of disconnection from society leaving him emotionless. Conclusion. Print bibliography and photocopy extract.

Ethnic Literature and Postcolonialism In Barta’s Essay

The definition of ethnic literature â€Å"is literature like any other, except that it contains ethnic references. † (Reilly p. 2). Another definition of ethnic literature is when there is a literature work that contain religious beliefs, racial issues, linguistics, or cultural heritage. In another word, ethnic literature is the literary work that includes particular culture, beliefs, or linguistics distinction. Postcolonial literary theory draws attention in the issue of cultural difference emerging in the society. One of the issues which may often appear during the class discussion is hybridity. It seems that people who have been faced by the fact that they are living in a ‘hybrid world’ tend to be confused by their real status. They realize for their interest, but they can not avoid the possibility becoming ‘in between’. Although , they are included into one part, the native part, but on the other hand they can not deny the deep feeling to be pleasant considering themselves different with the other. There is a kind of more value they have compared with their surround, and they think it is worthy to be kept. Of course, this feeling comes into their mind by some reasons. There must be an additional value added into their original culture. The additional value may be in the form of a new ideology, belief or view which are brought by the dominating. The dominated rarely conscious with the impact. They usually only feel that it is a natural process which become the impact of daily social interaction they are engaged in. Another issue which emerges in postcolonial discussion is about dominated-dominating one. We can not expect who actually take the role as ‘dominating’ or ‘dominated’. The practice may turn over, the dominated may become the dominating in the same time toward different object, vice versa. We are also introduced by ‘Otherness’ theory. It makes someone consider that she or he are different from the other, and other people is not the same with her or him. Gadis Tangsi tells a story about a girl life, namely Teyi. She is a Javanese girl who grew up in the Javanese tradition. She lives with his parents and sibling in tangsi area. She was taught to become an obedient girl by her mother with many limitations as a girl. She helps her mother to sell fried bananas every day. Teyi finds herself limited by some rules which are considered as the right rules for her mother. She even does not know how ‘love’ or how to be ‘loved’ by a man. She was taught to be a polite woman. She finally finds who she is when she is introduced to Putri Parasi by Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi who has helped her. That is the beginning of her new experience to recognize a new world, the world that she has never imagined before. Putri Parasi teaches her everything to be ‘a good lady’. Putri Parasi likes Teyi for her politeness. She more likes Teyi after being saved when her disease comes immediately. Putri Parasi expects to teach her how to behave well. She even teaches Teyi to speak Dutch. Teyi starts to be able to read and write. Putri Parasi really wants to prepare her to be taken to Surakarta Keraton and introduced her to a man who will be married with her. She plans to make Teyi deserve to have a husband from Keraton families. In the novel Gadis Tangsi written by Suparto Brata, we can see some unexpected phenomenon occur. It makes me realize that actually there are still many things covered even by what Javanese people considered as ‘budaya adiluhung’. The word ‘politeness’, ‘hospitality’ and ‘dignity’ which come into people mind when they heard about Javanese culture become blur after they read this novel. Javanese woman who is considered as an obedient woman and become a mercy for whom takes her as a wife may be surprised by what Suparto tells about Teyi and Dumilah. He brings them in this novel as representative of Javanese woman character, in different point of view. However, the story about them, for me, is far from the stereotype of common Javanese women (may be just a few). The feeling of ‘in between’ seem to be experienced by Teyi. She starts to know about how the way the higher status people behave since she meets Putri Parasi. Teyi realizes that her life style is quite different from her, and she is glad when she knows that Putri Parasi does not mind introducing this new culture to her. From this intentional interaction, after she is taught how to behave like ‘putri bangsawan’, Teyi starts to consider she has a chance to be the same with them. Even she lives with her parents, she starts to consider that she is better than them. She has been raised from the lower part. She has more power than the people in the house. The very obvious impact of this teaching actually appears when Teyi has been left by Putri Parasi. After she passed away, Teyi become independent from the influence of Putri Parasi. Although, there are still some traces of her teaching inside Teyi which reflect in the way she behaves. She seems take the dominating position over her husband, Sapardal. Sapardal feeling about his lower position when they have been married becomes the cause of the divorce. Only two days of marriage, and Teyi considers that she has a right to sue divorce, while Sapardal can only keep silent without any comment. In this relationship, Sapardal as a man who actually considered as ‘the dominating’ take the role as ‘the dominated’. He does not feel on the same level with Teyi. He admits that he has no power compared to Teyi. He even has no courage to touch her in their first night of marriage. Here, we can see the role between man and woman has shifted. Brata seems to show us that the role of people in the society is like running on the moving wheel. The dominating and dominated are only a symbol of someone position, which also can be shifted based on where we are standing. Sapardal may fail in maintaining his position as superior in front of Teyi. The cultural change also appears in this novel. Sexual intercourse is not considered as a sacral any longer for almost all the women in this novel. During my reading, I wonder if I read Indonesian culture literary work, especially belong to Javanese one. However, Brata wrote the novel using the Indonesian condition in the past, in the colonial occupation. In this situation, it is not easy to determine which one who still hold the original value since the influence of other ideology come into the life in that simple way. The force of a new ideology input is not directly felt in this novel. The indigenous people enjoy the acculturation between the dominated and the dominating. It also happens in the shifting of the way they see sexual intercourse actually is. What we call as a taboo becomes commonly conducted by the people. Teyi is defined as a free woman, even she has been married and becomes a wife of Sapardal, and she breaks the rule by having intercourse with Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi. It seems that she wants to take a revenge to Dumilah who is considered had cheated her by having romantic affair with her master. Sapardal can not do anything. He has failed to become a good husband. This thinking is from his own side. When we look at this phenomenon, again, Teyi proves that she has had a power over a man from her own society. She starts to have a right to consider a man like Sapardal is not at the same level with her. However, in my opinion it will not happen if Sapardal never has the way of thinking. Actually, he has thought that she is great and different from the other woman in his environment before they are married. That makes he has no courage to touch her at their first night. It also makes Teyi feels not being regarding or respecting as a wife. She thinks that Sapardal has no desire toward her, and she thinks that it is better to ask divorce. What a short way of thinking! I found that Teyi has put a wrong way of thinking about what Putri Parasi had taught to her. It seems that she does not consider marriage as a sacral relationship any longer. ‘Love’ relationship has been considered as a ‘real’ relationship when we have passion to have sex with our couple. Is that so simple? That is the way Teyi think about love basically. It is shown also when she does not mind to have sex with her ex-master, Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi, and then she starts to love someone else, Ndara Mas Kus. There is no any guilty feeling. Finally, we can conclude that there are three aspect of postcolonial reading for Gadis Tangsi has been discussed above. First, hybridity appears when Teyi finds herself has involved and being a part of Putri Parasi’s society, Keraton environment since she has been able to behave and speak like her, so she considers that she is a part of Putri community. While she has that feeling, she still can not avoid other people consideration about her who is only becoming a servant and will not become like them. Second, dominating feeling toward Sapardal comes into her mind. There is dominating-dominated in shifting model between them. It seems a denial for a man who usually considered as the dominating one, while Teyi proves that it can be shifted. Last, ‘Otherness’ theory also emerges in this novel. After having taught to have attitude and behave like Putri Parasi model, Teyi finally considers herself different with other woman in her society. It appears in the way she treats Dumilah who is her old friend. She thinks that Dumilah has no right to become ‘a munci’ of Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi because she is not at the same level with her or Ndara. Reference Ashcroft, Bill, et. al. 1946. The Empire Writes Back. London : Routledge Barry, Peter. 1824. Beginning Theory. Manchester : Manchester University Press Brata, Suparto. 2004. Gadis Tangsi. Jakarta : Kompas Reilly, John. 1978. Critical Approaches to Ethnic Literature. London : Oxford University Press